Targeting Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission to Prevent Atherosclerosis: Getting the Balance Right (MITOFFA)

Study 1 (tissue sample study):

• 25 adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery: Control tissue will be collected from the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) or radial artery (RA) Atherosclerotic tissue will be collected from aortic root
• 25 adult patients undergoing surgical femoral or carotid endarterectomy Endarterectomy atherosclerotic tissue will be collected

Study 2 (white blood cell study):

• 50 healthy adult volunteers Control blood sample will be collected
• 50 adult patients with stable CAD Stable CAD blood sample will be collected
• 50 adult patients with unstable CAD Unstable CAD blood sample will be collected

Inclusion Criteria:

Study 1 (tissue sample study):

CABG patients

1. Patients aged ≥21 years old
2. Undergoing elective CABG with aortic valve surgery

PAD patients:

1. Patients aged ≥21 years old
2. Undergoing either elective surgical femoral or carotid endarterectomy

Study 2 (white blood cell study):

1) Healthy volunteers aged ≥21 years old 2) Patients with stable CAD 3) Patients admitted with ACS treated by PCI in prior 24 hours.

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Exclusion Criteria:

1. General exclusion criteria will be a known history of leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, or severe hepatic or renal dysfunction, as well as evidence for inflammatory or malignant disease.
2. History of haematological disorders
3. Cardiac arrest, Cardiogenic shock, Poor pre-morbid status, Pregnancy