Botswana TDF/FTC Oral HIV Prophylaxis Trial (TDF2)
24. januar 2020 opdateret af: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Daily Oral Antiretroviral Use for the Prevention of HIV Infection in Heterosexually Active Young Adults in Botswana
This study tested whether taking a pill of tenofovir and emtricitabine (two antiretroviral medicines) was safe for sexually-active young adults in Botswana without HIV infection and whether it reduced their risk of getting an HIV infection.
Studieoversigt
Status
Afsluttet
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Detaljeret beskrivelse
Twelve hundred and nineteen healthy, sexually active women and men, 18-39 years old, without HIV infection were enrolled in Francistown and Gaborone, Botswana.
They were provided with free male and female condoms, repeated individualized risk-reduction counseling, diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and women will be provided with a choice of effective family planning methods.
In addition, volunteers were randomized to receive either Tenofovir and emtricitabine (in a single pill) or a placebo pill to take once a day.
Volunteers were seen monthly for at least 12 months to monitor for side effects and toxicities and to test their HIV status.
Persons who become HIV infected during the trial received ongoing supportive counseling, CD4 and viral load monitoring, education about HIV infection/disease, and access to HIV care including free antiretrovirals when clinically indicated.
Volunteer safety was monitored by a local ethics committee, Centers for Disease Control Institutional Review Board (CDC IRB) and an independent data safety and monitoring board
Undersøgelsestype
Interventionel
Tilmelding (Faktiske)
1219
Fase
- Fase 2
- Fase 3
Kontakter og lokationer
Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.
Studiesteder
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Gaborone, Botswana
- BOTUSA HIV Prevention Research Unit
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Georgia
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Atlanta, Georgia, Forenede Stater, 30333
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Deltagelseskriterier
Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
18 år til 39 år (Voksen)
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Ja
Køn, der er berettiget til at studere
Alle
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- citizen of Botswana 18-39 years old
- sexually active
- HIV uninfected
- Hepatitis B and C uninfected
- Calculated creatinine clearance >= 60 mL/min
- hemoglobin >= 8 gm/dL
- ALT and AST <= 2x ULN
- total bilirubin <= 1.5 mg/dL
- total serum amylase <= 1.5x ULN
- Serum phosphorus >= 2.2 mg/dL
- willing to use hormonal contraception (females)
- living within 1 hours travel of study clinic
- pass comprehension test
- willing and able to give informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- 18-20 without parent/guardian consent
- history of significant renal or bone disease
- any chronic illness requiring ongoing prescription medication
- pregnant or breastfeeding
- planning to move away from site in the next year
- participating in another HIV prevention or vaccine safety trial
- any other clinical condition or prior therapy that, in the opinion of the study physician, would make the volunteer unsuitable for the study or unable to comply with the dosing requirements
Studieplan
Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Forebyggelse
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
- Maskning: Tredobbelt
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / Behandling |
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Aktiv komparator: TDF-FTC,condoms,adh/risk counseling
Eligible participants were randomized to oral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 300 mg + Emtricitabine 200 mg (TDF-FTC) once daily in the form of a single tablet.
The ratio of randomization was 1:1.
Participants randomized to the active arm received male and female condoms, risk reduction counseling, adherence counseling, and routine monitoring for HIV infection, laboratory abnormalities, and adverse events.
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Andre navne:
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Placebo komparator: Placebo,condoms,adh/risk counseling
Eligible participants were randomized to the placebo arm and received placebo oral tablets that were visually identical to the TDF-FTC tablet and taken once daily.
The placebo tablets contained no active ingredients.
The ratio of randomization was 1:1.
Participants randomized to the placebo arm received male and female condoms, personalized risk reduction counseling, adherence counseling, and routine monitoring for HIV infection, laboratory abnormalities, and adverse events.
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Andre navne:
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Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
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Percentage of Participants With Adverse Drug Reactions in the Tenofovir/Emtricitabine and Placebo Arms
Tidsramme: Monthly, for up to 3 years
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Study visits were scheduled every 30 days until completion of the study, and participants were instructed to return to the clinic for evaluation in the event of an illness.
Participants reported any adverse effects at monthly visits and interim visits.
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Monthly, for up to 3 years
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HIV Incidence in the Tenofovir/Emtricitabine and Placebo Arms
Tidsramme: Monthly, for up to 3 years
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Study visits were scheduled every 30 days until completion of the study and during monthly study visits, we performed testing for HIV infection.
At completion of the study, we tested all participants for HIV infection, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The primary efficacy end point was the difference in the rates of HIV infection between participants assigned to receive TDF-FTC and those assigned to receive placebo.
The initial efficacy analysis included all study participants who were randomly assigned to receive a study medication (intention-to-treat cohort).
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Monthly, for up to 3 years
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Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
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Changes in Condom Use During Study: Number of Participants With >=1 Condomless Sex Acts
Tidsramme: 12 months
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We assessed condom use of the enrolled participants by face-to-face interviews (at baseline and monthly thereafter) and provided a comprehensive package of HIV prevention services, including individualized counseling on risk reduction, free male and female condoms, and screening for sexually transmitted infections followed, if applicable, by partner notification and treatment.
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12 months
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Rates of Adherence to Study Medication
Tidsramme: 36 months
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The rates of adherence to study medication by treatment arm was assessed over the entire course of the study.
This comparison was done by assessing the percentage of pills taken by participants within each study arm.
The difference between the 2 arms was compared with a Fisher' exact test.
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36 months
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Antiretroviral (ARV) Resistance Patterns in Seroconverters
Tidsramme: At time HIV infection diagnosed,1 month post-time of HIV infection diagnosis, and 6 months post-time of HIV infection diagnosis
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Participants who seroconverted had blood samples taken at the time of infection and at one month and six months post seroconversion to detect any HIV resistance mutations.
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At time HIV infection diagnosed,1 month post-time of HIV infection diagnosis, and 6 months post-time of HIV infection diagnosis
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CD4 Evaluation After HIV Seroconversion
Tidsramme: 1-year post seroconversion
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Study medication was stopped when HIV infected was diagnosed.
Seroconvertors were referred for clinical care and followed an additional year with scheduled quarterly CD4+ cell count assessments.
A model-estimated geometric mean of the CD4+ cell counts by each treatment group was evaluated.
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1-year post seroconversion
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.
Efterforskere
- Ledende efterforsker: Michael Thigpen, MD MPH, National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Ledende efterforsker: Lynn Paxton, MD MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Publikationer og nyttige links
Den person, der er ansvarlig for at indtaste oplysninger om undersøgelsen, leverer frivilligt disse publikationer. Disse kan handle om alt relateret til undersøgelsen.
Generelle publikationer
- Toledo L, McLellan-Lemal E, Henderson FL, Kebaabetswe PM. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Experiences of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Trial Participants in Botswana. World J AIDS. 2015 Mar;5(2):10-20. doi: 10.4236/wja.2015.51002. Epub 2015 Feb 12.
- Kasonde M, Niska RW, Rose C, Henderson FL, Segolodi TM, Turner K, Smith DK, Thigpen MC, Paxton LA. Bone mineral density changes among HIV-uninfected young adults in a randomised trial of pre-exposure prophylaxis with tenofovir-emtricitabine or placebo in Botswana. PLoS One. 2014 Mar 13;9(3):e90111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090111. eCollection 2014.
- Chirwa LI, Johnson JA, Niska RW, Segolodi TM, Henderson FL, Rose CE, Li JF, Thigpen MC, Matlhaba O, Paxton LA, Brooks JT. CD4(+) cell count, viral load, and drug resistance patterns among heterosexual breakthrough HIV infections in a study of oral preexposure prophylaxis. AIDS. 2014 Jan 14;28(2):223-6. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000102.
- Kebaabetswe PM, Stirratt MJ, McLellan-Lemal E, Henderson FL, Gray SC, Rose CE, Williams T, Paxton LA. Factors Associated with Adherence and Concordance Between Measurement Strategies in an HIV Daily Oral Tenofovir/Emtricitibine as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (Prep) Clinical Trial, Botswana, 2007-2010. AIDS Behav. 2015 May;19(5):758-69. doi: 10.1007/s10461-014-0891-z.
- Segolodi TM, Henderson FL, Rose CE, Turner KT, Zeh C, Fonjungo PN, Niska R, Hart C, Paxton LA. Normal laboratory reference intervals among healthy adults screened for a HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis clinical trial in Botswana. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 8;9(4):e93034. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093034. eCollection 2014.
- Thigpen MC, Kebaabetswe PM, Paxton LA, Smith DK, Rose CE, Segolodi TM, Henderson FL, Pathak SR, Soud FA, Chillag KL, Mutanhaurwa R, Chirwa LI, Kasonde M, Abebe D, Buliva E, Gvetadze RJ, Johnson S, Sukalac T, Thomas VT, Hart C, Johnson JA, Malotte CK, Hendrix CW, Brooks JT; TDF2 Study Group. Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for heterosexual HIV transmission in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2012 Aug 2;367(5):423-34. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1110711. Epub 2012 Jul 11.
- Gust DA, Soud F, Hardnett FP, Malotte CK, Rose C, Kebaabetswe P, Makgekgenene L, Henderson F, Paxton L, Segolodi T, Kilmarx PH. Evaluation of Sexual Risk Behavior Among Study Participants in the TDF2 PrEP Study Among Heterosexual Adults in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016 Dec 15;73(5):556-563. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001143.
Datoer for undersøgelser
Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.
Studer store datoer
Studiestart
1. marts 2007
Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)
1. marts 2011
Studieafslutning (Faktiske)
1. marts 2011
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
16. marts 2007
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
16. marts 2007
Først opslået (Skøn)
19. marts 2007
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
5. februar 2020
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
24. januar 2020
Sidst verificeret
1. februar 2016
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
- RNA-virusinfektioner
- Virussygdomme
- Blodbårne infektioner
- Overførbare sygdomme
- Seksuelt overførte sygdomme, virale
- Seksuelt overførte sygdomme
- Lentivirus infektioner
- Retroviridae infektioner
- Immunologiske mangelsyndromer
- Sygdomme i immunsystemet
- Langsomme virussygdomme
- HIV-infektioner
- Infektioner
- Erhvervet immundefektsyndrom
- Molekylære mekanismer for farmakologisk virkning
- Anti-infektionsmidler
- Antivirale midler
- Reverse transkriptasehæmmere
- Nukleinsyresyntesehæmmere
- Enzymhæmmere
- Anti-HIV-midler
- Anti-retrovirale midler
- Tenofovir
- Emtricitabin
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- CDC-NCHHSTP-4940
- BOTUSA MB06 (Anden identifikator: CDC-BOTUSA)
Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)
Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?
UBESLUTET
IPD-planbeskrivelse
Data sharing will be governed by prevailing CDC data sharing policies.
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