Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunct Treatment for Periodontal Disease in Down's Syndrome Patients

Experimental: Test group

Scaling and root planning and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with red laser (658nm; 0.1W; 2229J/cm², 10s per point) and methylene blue dye (100μg/ml). Repetition after 3, 7 and 14 days.

Verfahren: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

Described in arm/group

Verfahren: Scaling and root planning

Described in arm/group

Gerät: red laser

658nm; 0.1W; 2229J/cm², 10s per point

Arzneimittel: methylene blue dye

Aktiver Komparator: Control Group

Scaling and root planning Repetition after 3, 7 and 14 days.

Verfahren: Scaling and root planning

Described in arm/group

Periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) measured by a periodontal probe and classified according to severity

Severe periodontitis was defined by the presence of ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥ 6mm and ≥1 interproximal site with periodontal probing depth (PPD) ≥5mm. Moderate periodontitis was defined by the presence of ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with CAL ≥ 4mm or ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with PPD ≥5mm. Mild periodontitis was defined as ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with ≥ 3 mm CAL and ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with ≥ 4 mm PPD or at least 1 site with PPD ≥ 5 mm (20,21). Gingivitis was determined as follows: Subjects were considered healthy if presented PPD ≤3mm/ Bleeding on probing (BOP) extent scores < 10% and with gingivitis if presented PPD ≤3mm/ BOP extent scores >10%. Prevalence of periodontal disease was the sum of gingivitis, mild, moderate and severe periodontitis.

Obesity measured by a tape and a scale

Obese if: body mass index - BMI ≥ 25 Kg/m2 (weight in kilograms, height in meters) Obese if: waist-to-hip ratio - WHR >0.85 for women. >0.9 for men. (measurement in centimeters) Obese if: waist circumference - > 80 cm for women and >94 cm for men.