Cluster Training With Blood Flow Restriction in Competitive 200-m Freestyle Swimmers (BFR-CLUSTER-SW)
Cluster Training With Blood Flow Restriction and 200-m Freestyle Performance, FGF-2, and VEGF-A Responses in Competitive Swimmers: A Matched Controlled Study
Studienübersicht
Status
Bedingungen
Intervention / Behandlung
Detaillierte Beschreibung
Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a training method in which pneumatic cuffs are applied proximally to the limbs to partially restrict vascular flow during exercise. Cluster training divides traditional exercise sets into smaller clusters of repetitions separated by short intra-set recovery periods. Combining these two approaches may increase the physiological stimulus of training while allowing repeated high-quality exercise efforts.
This controlled, non-randomized matched-intervention study included 20 competitive 200-m freestyle swimmers. Participants were matched according to baseline 200-m freestyle performance, sex, and standing long jump distance and were assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group completed cluster training combined with BFR, whereas the control group completed cluster training without BFR.
The training intervention lasted 8 weeks and consisted of five 90-minute training sessions per week. Sessions included a standardized warm-up, a main training component, and a cool-down. Overall cardiovascular training intensity was prescribed relative to individual maximal heart rate, and cluster-based resistance exercises incorporated short intra-set recovery intervals.
BFR was applied only in the experimental group during selected dry-land cluster exercises using pneumatic cuffs positioned proximally on the upper arms and thighs. The cuffs remained inflated during exercise execution and short intra-set recovery periods and were deflated during the main inter-set recovery periods.
The primary outcome was change in 200-m freestyle performance time from baseline to the end of the 8-week intervention. Secondary outcomes included serum FGF-2 and VEGF-A concentrations, standing long jump distance, mean 50-m split time during a maximal 150-m swimming test, and performance in a cadence-controlled Burpee test. Blood samples were collected under standardized resting conditions to assess serum FGF-2 and VEGF-A concentrations.
The main objective was to determine whether the addition of BFR to cluster training was associated with greater improvements in swimming performance, selected physical-performance outcomes, and serum angiogenesis-related biomarkers compared with cluster training alone.
Studientyp
Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)
Phase
- Unzutreffend
Kontakte und Standorte
Studienorte
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Muhafazat Salah ad Din
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Samarra, Muhafazat Salah ad Din, Irak, 34010
- Samarra Olympic Swimming Pool
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Teilnahmekriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Studienberechtigtes Alter
- Kind
- Erwachsene
Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige
Beschreibung
Inclusion Criteria:
Competitive 200-m freestyle swimmers aged 17-20 years. At least 2 years of structured swimming training experience. Free from musculoskeletal injury for at least 6 months before enrollment. No previous regular experience with blood flow restriction training. Willing and able to complete the 8-week training intervention and all study assessments.
Exclusion Criteria:
History of cardiovascular, metabolic, thrombotic, or other vascular conditions that could contraindicate blood flow restriction exercise.
Current use of medications known to affect vascular tone or blood coagulation. Musculoskeletal injury or medical condition preventing participation in maximal swimming or dry-land training.
Attendance below 85% of the scheduled intervention sessions.
Studienplan
Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?
Designdetails
- Hauptzweck: Sonstiges
- Zuteilung: Nicht randomisiert
- Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
- Maskierung: Keine (Offenes Etikett)
Waffen und Interventionen
Teilnehmergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / Behandlung |
|---|---|
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Experimental: Cluster Training With Blood Flow Restriction
Participants in this arm completed an 8-week cluster-training program combined with blood flow restriction (BFR).
Training was performed five sessions per week.
Pneumatic cuffs were applied proximally to the upper arms and thighs during selected dry-land cluster exercises and intra-set recovery periods, and were deflated during the main inter-set recovery periods.
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An 8-week cluster-training program performed five sessions per week, with blood flow restriction applied during selected dry-land cluster exercises using pneumatic cuffs positioned proximally on the upper arms and thighs.
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Aktiver Komparator: Cluster Training Alone
Participants in this arm completed the same 8-week cluster-training program and overall training schedule as the experimental group, but without blood flow restriction.
Training was performed five sessions per week.
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An 8-week cluster-training program performed five sessions per week without blood flow restriction.
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Was misst die Studie?
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
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Change in 200-m Freestyle Performance Time
Zeitfenster: Baseline and post-intervention at 8 weeks
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Performance was assessed during a maximal 200-m freestyle swim in a standard 50-m pool using an electronic timing system with a precision of 0.01 s.
Lower values indicate faster performance.
The primary outcome was the change in performance time from baseline to the end of the 8-week intervention.
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Baseline and post-intervention at 8 weeks
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Mitarbeiter und Ermittler
Sponsor
Studienaufzeichnungsdaten
Haupttermine studieren
Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)
Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)
Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)
Studienanmeldedaten
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)
Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen
Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
Zuletzt verifiziert
Mehr Informationen
Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie
Schlüsselwörter
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
- SRG-BFR-SWIM-2026-01
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