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Cluster Training With Blood Flow Restriction in Competitive 200-m Freestyle Swimmers (BFR-CLUSTER-SW)

24 augustus 2026 bijgewerkt door: Saif Rasheed Ghanim

Cluster Training With Blood Flow Restriction and 200-m Freestyle Performance, FGF-2, and VEGF-A Responses in Competitive Swimmers: A Matched Controlled Study

This study evaluated whether adding blood flow restriction (BFR) to cluster-based training could improve swimming performance and selected physiological responses in competitive swimmers. Twenty competitive swimmers were assigned using a matched, non-randomized design to either an experimental group performing cluster training combined with BFR or a control group performing the same cluster training without BFR. The intervention lasted 8 weeks, with five training sessions per week. The primary outcome was 200-m freestyle performance time. Secondary outcomes included serum concentrations of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), standing long jump performance, mean 50-m split time during a 150-m swimming test, and repetitions completed during a cadence-controlled Burpee test. The study was designed to determine whether BFR provided additional performance and physiological benefits beyond cluster training alone.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Voltooid

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a training method in which pneumatic cuffs are applied proximally to the limbs to partially restrict vascular flow during exercise. Cluster training divides traditional exercise sets into smaller clusters of repetitions separated by short intra-set recovery periods. Combining these two approaches may increase the physiological stimulus of training while allowing repeated high-quality exercise efforts.

This controlled, non-randomized matched-intervention study included 20 competitive 200-m freestyle swimmers. Participants were matched according to baseline 200-m freestyle performance, sex, and standing long jump distance and were assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group completed cluster training combined with BFR, whereas the control group completed cluster training without BFR.

The training intervention lasted 8 weeks and consisted of five 90-minute training sessions per week. Sessions included a standardized warm-up, a main training component, and a cool-down. Overall cardiovascular training intensity was prescribed relative to individual maximal heart rate, and cluster-based resistance exercises incorporated short intra-set recovery intervals.

BFR was applied only in the experimental group during selected dry-land cluster exercises using pneumatic cuffs positioned proximally on the upper arms and thighs. The cuffs remained inflated during exercise execution and short intra-set recovery periods and were deflated during the main inter-set recovery periods.

The primary outcome was change in 200-m freestyle performance time from baseline to the end of the 8-week intervention. Secondary outcomes included serum FGF-2 and VEGF-A concentrations, standing long jump distance, mean 50-m split time during a maximal 150-m swimming test, and performance in a cadence-controlled Burpee test. Blood samples were collected under standardized resting conditions to assess serum FGF-2 and VEGF-A concentrations.

The main objective was to determine whether the addition of BFR to cluster training was associated with greater improvements in swimming performance, selected physical-performance outcomes, and serum angiogenesis-related biomarkers compared with cluster training alone.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Werkelijk)

20

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

  • Irak
    • Muhafazat Salah ad Din
      • Samarra, Muhafazat Salah ad Din, Irak, 34010
        • Samarra Olympic Swimming Pool

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Kind
  • Volwassen

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

Competitive 200-m freestyle swimmers aged 17-20 years. At least 2 years of structured swimming training experience. Free from musculoskeletal injury for at least 6 months before enrollment. No previous regular experience with blood flow restriction training. Willing and able to complete the 8-week training intervention and all study assessments.

Exclusion Criteria:

History of cardiovascular, metabolic, thrombotic, or other vascular conditions that could contraindicate blood flow restriction exercise.

Current use of medications known to affect vascular tone or blood coagulation. Musculoskeletal injury or medical condition preventing participation in maximal swimming or dry-land training.

Attendance below 85% of the scheduled intervention sessions.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Ander
  • Toewijzing: Niet-gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Cluster Training With Blood Flow Restriction
Participants in this arm completed an 8-week cluster-training program combined with blood flow restriction (BFR). Training was performed five sessions per week. Pneumatic cuffs were applied proximally to the upper arms and thighs during selected dry-land cluster exercises and intra-set recovery periods, and were deflated during the main inter-set recovery periods.
Gedragsmatig: Cluster Training With Blood Flow Restriction
An 8-week cluster-training program performed five sessions per week, with blood flow restriction applied during selected dry-land cluster exercises using pneumatic cuffs positioned proximally on the upper arms and thighs.
Actieve vergelijker: Cluster Training Alone
Participants in this arm completed the same 8-week cluster-training program and overall training schedule as the experimental group, but without blood flow restriction. Training was performed five sessions per week.
Gedragsmatig: Cluster Training Alone
An 8-week cluster-training program performed five sessions per week without blood flow restriction.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Change in 200-m Freestyle Performance Time
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and post-intervention at 8 weeks
Performance was assessed during a maximal 200-m freestyle swim in a standard 50-m pool using an electronic timing system with a precision of 0.01 s. Lower values indicate faster performance. The primary outcome was the change in performance time from baseline to the end of the 8-week intervention.
Baseline and post-intervention at 8 weeks

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Saif Rasheed Ghanim

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

15 januari 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)

19 maart 2026

Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)

15 juni 2026

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

21 augustus 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

21 augustus 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

25 augustus 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

26 augustus 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

24 augustus 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 augustus 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • SRG-BFR-SWIM-2026-01

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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