Reducing HIV Stigma for African American Women
3 de mayo de 2017 actualizado por: Deepa Rao, University of Washington
Reducing HIV Stigma to Improve Health Outcomes for African-American Women
African American women account for 66% of HIV infections in women in the U.S., AIDS is a leading cause of death for African American women, and African Americans have the lowest medication adherence rates compared to other groups in the U.S. One of the reasons for low medication adherence among African Americans is fear of stigma. HIV stigma has been linked to depression, psychological distress, poor quality of life, poor medication adherence and service utilization contributing to morbidity and mortality. Research has found that stigma is a moderator to poor adherence via depressive symptoms.
The current study is a randomized control trial with a time and attention control group to test the effectiveness of a stigma reduction intervention adapted for use with African American women. A total of 224 African American women will be recruited to participate in the study. Half of the women will be from Chicago, Illinois (112) and the other half will be from Birmingham, Alabama (112). A workshop will be held once a study site has recruited 28 women, half of the women will be in the intervention group (14) and the other half will be in the control group (14). Each study site will have 4 cohorts of 28 women.
The main aims of the current study are:
- to determine the long-term effectiveness of the intervention to reduce stigma for African American women living with HIV in Chicago Illinois and Birmingham, Alabama
- to examine whether stigma reduction due to the intervention is associated with improved physical health biomarkers (CD4+ T cell count, viral load), mediated by reduced psychological symptoms (depressive symptoms), improved engagement to care, and improved medication adherence
- to explore whether stigma reduction due to the intervention is moderated by location (Chicago vs. Birmingham), transmission risk factor, time since diagnosis, and perceived social support
We expect that the multimedia workshop intervention will demonstrate effectiveness in reducing internalized stigma through an easily-disseminated method, and that it will have a positive impact on medication adherence and engagement in care for African American women living with HIV.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Terminado
Condiciones
Intervención / Tratamiento
Tipo de estudio
Intervencionista
Inscripción (Actual)
240
Fase
- No aplica
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.
Ubicaciones de estudio
-
-
Alabama
-
Birmingham, Alabama, Estados Unidos, 35233
- University of Alabama Birmingham
-
-
Illinois
-
Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos, 60611
- Northwestern University (NU)
-
-
Criterios de participación
Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
18 años y mayores (Adulto, Adulto Mayor)
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
No
Géneros elegibles para el estudio
Femenino
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- they are women who identify as having an African American racial/ethnic background
- born in the U.S. (including women of Caribbean origin if born in the U.S.
- speak and understand English as their primary language of communication outside the home
- they are 18 years of age or older
- have a documented HIV positive status (women are on antiretroviral treatment and women who are not on antiretroviral are eligible)
- able to see and interact with a touchscreen computer in English.
Exclusion Criteria:
- women who not self-identify as African American
- women who are African born or born outside the United States
- younger than 18 years of age
- unable to provide informed consent
- life expectancy less than 1 year per physician report
- unable to see and interact with a touchscreen computer in English.
Plan de estudios
Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
- Propósito principal: Cuidados de apoyo
- Asignación: Aleatorizado
- Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación paralela
- Enmascaramiento: Ninguno (etiqueta abierta)
Armas e Intervenciones
Grupo de participantes/brazo |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
|---|---|
|
Experimental: Unity Workshop
The intervention is a workshop facilitated by a peer advocate (an African American woman who is also HIV positive) and a social worker.
It has exercises, videos and group discussions intended to equip participants with coping skills to overcome HIV related stigma and the negative outcomes related to stigma.
The workshop will last about 8 hours total across 2 two days (4 hours per day).
The researcher in the current study has done a lot of work in adapting this intervention for African American women.
The workshop has been piloted in Seattle and had promising results.
Based on results in the pilot study, a 2 hour booster session has been added 6 months after the initial workshop
|
The intervention is based on other stigma reduction programs that are being used internationally (HIV Stigma Toolkit developed by the International Center for Research on Women and trigger videos developed by International Training & Education Center for health).
|
|
Otro: Breast Cancer Screening
The time and attention control group workshop will be facilitated by a research coordinator.
The control group program is based on another program that is designed explore issues related to breast cancer screening among African American women.
The program has the same format as the Unity Workshop, with video and group discussion.
Although breast cancer may be associated with stigma, we anticipated that breast cancer stigmas would not be related to HIV-associated stigma, which is our primary outcome of interest.
The control groups will be held during the same week as the Unity Workshops, and control group participants will complete assessments on the same schedule as the Unity Workshop participants.
|
¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in stigma scores from baseline to 12 months.
Periodo de tiempo: baseline, after intervervention, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months, 12 months
|
We will see if the intervention/workshop reduces HIV related stigma after 1 year in the study.
We will use the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness to measure stigma.
|
baseline, after intervervention, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months, 12 months
|
Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
|
Location as a moderator variable
Periodo de tiempo: baseline, after intervervention, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months, 12 months
|
This is a multi-site study (Chicago and Birmingham) and we are interested in seeing if location is a moderating variable
|
baseline, after intervervention, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months, 12 months
|
|
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist
Periodo de tiempo: baseline, 12 months
|
baseline, 12 months
|
|
|
Adherence to HIV Medication
Periodo de tiempo: baseline, after intervention, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months, 12 months
|
Adherence to HIV medication will be measured by participants self report of adherence using commonly used set of questions.
|
baseline, after intervention, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months, 12 months
|
|
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
Periodo de tiempo: baseline, after intervention, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months, 12 months
|
We will look at the correlation between stigma scores and depression scores over time.
|
baseline, after intervention, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months, 12 months
|
|
Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale
Periodo de tiempo: Study duration
|
We are going to use a validated social support scale, and analyze social support as a correlate.
|
Study duration
|
|
substance abuse
Periodo de tiempo: baseline, 12 months
|
substance use and stigma of substance use will be measured using: Alcohol Use disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) Substance Abuse Self Stigma (SASS)
|
baseline, 12 months
|
|
Engagement in Care (from patient record)
Periodo de tiempo: baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months
|
Research assistants will access participants' medical records to see if patients have missed any HIV related visits (i.e.
medical, counseling).
Engagement to care will be measured as a proportion (missed visits over total scheduled).
Rescheduled visits will not count as missed visits.
At baseline, we will look at visits for the past 12 months.
|
baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months
|
|
HIV viral load (from medical chart) over 1 year study duration
Periodo de tiempo: baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months
|
We want to examine whether stigma reduction due to the intervention is associated with improved physical health bio-markers such as suppression in HIV viral load in the blood (taken from medical chart/previous clinical blood tests).
|
baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months
|
|
Change in CD4 count
Periodo de tiempo: baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months
|
We want to see wither stigma reduction from the intervention associated with improved physical health bio-markers such as CD4+ T cell count.
|
baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months
|
Colaboradores e Investigadores
Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.
Patrocinador
Colaboradores
Investigadores
- Investigador principal: Deepa Rao, PhD, MA, University of Washington
Publicaciones y enlaces útiles
La persona responsable de ingresar información sobre el estudio proporciona voluntariamente estas publicaciones. Estos pueden ser sobre cualquier cosa relacionada con el estudio.
Publicaciones Generales
- Rao D, Kekwaletswe TC, Hosek S, Martinez J, Rodriguez F. Stigma and social barriers to medication adherence with urban youth living with HIV. AIDS Care. 2007 Jan;19(1):28-33. doi: 10.1080/09540120600652303.
- Rintamaki LS, Davis TC, Skripkauskas S, Bennett CL, Wolf MS. Social stigma concerns and HIV medication adherence. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2006 May;20(5):359-68. doi: 10.1089/apc.2006.20.359.
- CDC. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report: Cases of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States. 2004.
- CDC. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) [online]. Leading Cause of Death for Black Women 1999-2007. 2008; www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars. Accessed December 4, 2011.
- Halkitis PN, Parsons JT, Wolitski RJ, Remien RH. Characteristics of HIV antiretroviral treatments, access and adherence in an ethnically diverse sample of men who have sex with men. AIDS Care. 2003 Feb;15(1):89-102. doi: 10.1080/095401221000039798.
- Palacio H, Kahn JG, Richards TA, Morin SF. Effect of race and/or ethnicity in use of antiretrovirals and prophylaxis for opportunistic infection: a review of the literature. Public Health Rep. 2002 May-Jun;117(3):233-51; discussion 231-2. doi: 10.1093/phr/117.3.233.
- Traeger L, O'Cleirigh C, Skeer MR, Mayer KH, Safren SA. Risk factors for missed HIV primary care visits among men who have sex with men. J Behav Med. 2012 Oct;35(5):548-56. doi: 10.1007/s10865-011-9383-z. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
- Rao D, Feldman BJ, Fredericksen RJ, Crane PK, Simoni JM, Kitahata MM, Crane HM. A structural equation model of HIV-related stigma, depressive symptoms, and medication adherence. AIDS Behav. 2012 Apr;16(3):711-6. doi: 10.1007/s10461-011-9915-0.
- Rao D, Desmond M, Andrasik M, Rasberry T, Lambert N, Cohn SE, Simoni J. Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the unity workshop: an internalized stigma reduction intervention for African American women living with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2012 Oct;26(10):614-20. doi: 10.1089/apc.2012.0106. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
Fechas de registro del estudio
Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio
1 de junio de 2013
Finalización primaria (Actual)
1 de noviembre de 2016
Finalización del estudio (Actual)
1 de febrero de 2017
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
11 de febrero de 2013
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
1 de julio de 2013
Publicado por primera vez (Estimar)
8 de julio de 2013
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
8 de mayo de 2017
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
3 de mayo de 2017
Última verificación
1 de mayo de 2017
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- 43970
- R01MH098675 (Subvención/contrato del NIH de EE. UU.)
Esta información se obtuvo directamente del sitio web clinicaltrials.gov sin cambios. Si tiene alguna solicitud para cambiar, eliminar o actualizar los detalles de su estudio, comuníquese con register@clinicaltrials.gov. Tan pronto como se implemente un cambio en clinicaltrials.gov, también se actualizará automáticamente en nuestro sitio web. .