Gun Locks in Firearm Suicide Intervention
6 de abril de 2022 actualizado por: Florida State University
The Provision of Gun Locks in Lethal Means Counseling to Increase Firearm Safety in a Suicide Risk Sample
This study compares the effectiveness of two interventions for suicide over the course of a month.
The experimental intervention includes the provision of a gun lock with video instructions, in addition to standard suicide risk interventions (i.e., standardized full suicide risk assessment, safety planning, and lethal means counseling).
The comparison intervention group will receive the same standard suicide risk interventions without the gun lock and video.
The targeted outcome will be level of engagement in gun safety behaviors (e.g., using a gun lock, using a gun safe, considering getting rid of guns).
It is predicted that the experimental intervention will result in greater increases over time in engagement in gun safety behaviors, as compared to the comparison intervention.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Terminado
Condiciones
Intervención / Tratamiento
Descripción detallada
Purpose: While psychology research and the suicide literature have not provided this evidence in a manner relevant to lethal means counseling, research across various disciplines has clearly demonstrated that providing individuals with gun locks and knowledgeable information about their proper use will significantly increase the likelihood that individuals will engage in firearm safety behaviors. The present study seeks to examine if the provision of gun locks, in addition to the current best standard interventions for suicide risk according to research, will significantly increase engagement in these behavioral outcomes.
Research Design/Method: The present study will utilize an experimental design with two groups, an experimental intervention group and a comparison intervention group. The experimental intervention group will receive the highest standard interventions (i.e., standardized full suicide risk assessment, safety planning, and lethal means counseling) in addition to a gun lock and instructional video. The comparison intervention group will receive the highest standard interventions, but will not be provided gun locks until after the study is complete.
The gun locks will be 15-inch cable locks. Locks will be mailed via USPS in envelopes upon completion of screener, if eligible for the study, but before they are scheduled to complete the first portion of the study. this will be arranged by making scheduling calls for initial sessions the day of/day after (depending on time) screeners are completed, scheduling initial sessions at least a week and a half after scheduling calls, and mailing the locks the day of scheduling calls.
Gun locks will be mailed to participants in the experimental intervention group. Data will be collected over three sessions. The first will be when baseline measures (e.g., demographics, outcomes) will be administered online, the intervention will be provided for all individuals by phone and online(only for the video instructions for lock), and post-intervention measures of outcome variables will assessed online. The 2-week follow-up interval and the 1-month interval will involve only assessment of the outcomes online. Participants in comparison intervention group will be provided gun locks after participation in the study is complete.
Research Question: Will the experimental intervention group outperform the comparison intervention group, regarding effectiveness in increasing engagement in firearm safety behaviors?
Hypothesis: The intervention for the experimental intervention group will be significantly more effective at increasing engagement in firearm safety behavior than that which will be provided for the comparison intervention group.
Data Analysis: Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RM-ANOVA) will be conducted, with a focus on measuring the interaction effects of Group and Time to assess whether experimental intervention group was significantly more effective than the comparison intervention group.
Tipo de estudio
Intervencionista
Inscripción (Actual)
30
Fase
- No aplica
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.
Ubicaciones de estudio
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Florida
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Tallahassee, Florida, Estados Unidos, 32306
- Florida State University
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Criterios de participación
Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
18 años y mayores (Adulto, Adulto Mayor)
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Sí
Géneros elegibles para el estudio
Todos
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Must own and have access to a firearm
- Must have at least one lifetime episode of suicide ideation
- Must be 18 years of age or older
Exclusion Criteria:
- May not be under 18 years of age
Plan de estudios
Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
- Propósito principal: Prevención
- Asignación: Aleatorizado
- Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación paralela
- Enmascaramiento: Ninguno (etiqueta abierta)
Armas e Intervenciones
Grupo de participantes/brazo |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
|---|---|
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Experimental: Gun lock
Participants will be provided a gun lock and video instructions for its proper use, in addition to standard suicide risk interventions (i.e., standardized full suicide risk assessment, safety planning, lethal means counseling).
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A cable-style gun lock that can be applied to a wide variety of guns for safe storage.
The application of this device to most firearms renders them impossible to use properly while the device is in place and locked.
Thorough suicide risk assessment according to guidelines established by research (Joiner et al., 1999; Chu et al., 2015).
This is used to determine the severity of suicide risk and appropriate actions to be taken.
A psychological intervention for suicide risk that is based on research (Chu et al., 2015; Stanley & Brown, 2012).
This involves listing the following on an index card: activities individuals can use to feel better during a crisis, contact numbers that are important to the individuals, emergency options that are always accessible, and reasons for living.
Although the individualized nature of safety plans does not allow for a scripted/uniform approach, for this study they will all include 8 steps and steps 5-8 (emergency options) will be the same for each individual.
A psychological intervention for suicide risk that is based on research (Bryan et al., 2011; Chu et al., 2015; Rudd, 2006; Stanley, 2018).
This involves a psychological clinician discussing, with an at-risk individual, the importance for increasing the distance/obstacles between the individual at risk for suicide and specific types of lethal means.
In the present study, the lethal means targeted was firearms and the lethal means counseling approach was able to be standardized/scripted as has been done in previous research (see Stanley, 2018).
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Comparador activo: Standard intervention
Participants will be provided standard suicide risk interventions (i.e., standardized full suicide risk assessment, safety planning, lethal means counseling) without a gun lock.
A gun lock and video instructions will be provided upon completion of the study.
|
Thorough suicide risk assessment according to guidelines established by research (Joiner et al., 1999; Chu et al., 2015).
This is used to determine the severity of suicide risk and appropriate actions to be taken.
A psychological intervention for suicide risk that is based on research (Chu et al., 2015; Stanley & Brown, 2012).
This involves listing the following on an index card: activities individuals can use to feel better during a crisis, contact numbers that are important to the individuals, emergency options that are always accessible, and reasons for living.
Although the individualized nature of safety plans does not allow for a scripted/uniform approach, for this study they will all include 8 steps and steps 5-8 (emergency options) will be the same for each individual.
A psychological intervention for suicide risk that is based on research (Bryan et al., 2011; Chu et al., 2015; Rudd, 2006; Stanley, 2018).
This involves a psychological clinician discussing, with an at-risk individual, the importance for increasing the distance/obstacles between the individual at risk for suicide and specific types of lethal means.
In the present study, the lethal means targeted was firearms and the lethal means counseling approach was able to be standardized/scripted as has been done in previous research (see Stanley, 2018).
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¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Engagement in Firearm Safety Behaviors
Periodo de tiempo: Immediately prior to intervention
|
This includes a variety of actions and thinking patterns that promote safety regarding firearms.
This is measured by a self-report instrument (Engagement in Firearm Safety Behaviors; Stanley, 2018), which contains 34 items.
The items are scored on a Likert scale (i.e., 0 = Never; 1 = Sometimes, 2 = Often, 3 = Always) to gauge frequency of engagement.
16 items represent behaviors (e.g., "using a gun lock," "trading in your guns") and 18 represent thoughts (e.g., "thought about obtaining a gun lock," "thought about storing your gun unloaded.")
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Immediately prior to intervention
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Engagement in Firearm Safety Behaviors
Periodo de tiempo: Two weeks after intervention
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This includes a variety of actions and thinking patterns that promote safety regarding firearms.
This is measured by a self-report instrument (Engagement in Firearm Safety Behaviors; Stanley, 2018), which contains 34 items.
The items are scored on a Likert scale (i.e., 0 = Never; 1 = Sometimes, 2 = Often, 3 = Always) to gauge frequency of engagement.
16 items represent behaviors (e.g., "using a gun lock," "trading in your guns") and 18 represent thoughts (e.g., "thought about obtaining a gun lock," "thought about storing your gun unloaded.")
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Two weeks after intervention
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Engagement in Firearm Safety Behaviors
Periodo de tiempo: One month after intervention
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This includes a variety of actions and thinking patterns that promote safety regarding firearms.
This is measured by a self-report instrument (Engagement in Firearm Safety Behaviors; Stanley, 2018), which contains 34 items.
The items are scored on a Likert scale (i.e., 0 = Never; 1 = Sometimes, 2 = Often, 3 = Always) to gauge frequency of engagement.
16 items represent behaviors (e.g., "using a gun lock," "trading in your guns") and 18 represent thoughts (e.g., "thought about obtaining a gun lock," "thought about storing your gun unloaded.")
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One month after intervention
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Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Intentions to Adhere to Clinician Recommendations
Periodo de tiempo: Immediately prior to Intervention
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A structured self-report questionnaire utilized in previous research (Stanley et al., 2017; Stanley, 2018) will be used in the present study to assess participants' intentions to adhere to clinician recommendations to limit access to a firearm for safety purposes.
The two items will be rated on a 10-point Likert type scale (1 = Not At All Likely; 10 = Very Likely) and they will read as follows: 1) "How likely would you be to adhere to your clinician's recommendations to limit your access to a firearm for safety purposes?";
and 2) "How likely would you be to encourage a loved one to adhere to your clinician's recommendations to limit their access to a firearm for safety purposes?"
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Immediately prior to Intervention
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Intentions to Adhere to Clinician Recommendations
Periodo de tiempo: Immediately after intervention
|
A structured self-report questionnaire utilized in previous research (Stanley et al., 2017; Stanley, 2018) will be used in the present study to assess participants' intentions to adhere to clinician recommendations to limit access to a firearm for safety purposes.
The two items will be rated on a 10-point Likert type scale (1 = Not At All Likely; 10 = Very Likely) and they will read as follows: 1) "How likely would you be to adhere to your clinician's recommendations to limit your access to a firearm for safety purposes?";
and 2) "How likely would you be to encourage a loved one to adhere to your clinician's recommendations to limit their access to a firearm for safety purposes?"
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Immediately after intervention
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Intentions to Adhere to Clinician Recommendations
Periodo de tiempo: Two weeks after intervention
|
A structured self-report questionnaire utilized in previous research (Stanley et al., 2017; Stanley, 2018) will be used in the present study to assess participants' intentions to adhere to clinician recommendations to limit access to a firearm for safety purposes.
The two items will be rated on a 10-point Likert type scale (1 = Not At All Likely; 10 = Very Likely) and they will read as follows: 1) "How likely would you be to adhere to your clinician's recommendations to limit your access to a firearm for safety purposes?";
and 2) "How likely would you be to encourage a loved one to adhere to your clinician's recommendations to limit their access to a firearm for safety purposes?"
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Two weeks after intervention
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Intentions to Adhere to Clinician Recommendations
Periodo de tiempo: One month after intervention
|
A structured self-report questionnaire utilized in previous research (Stanley et al., 2017; Stanley, 2018) will be used in the present study to assess participants' intentions to adhere to clinician recommendations to limit access to a firearm for safety purposes.
The two items will be rated on a 10-point Likert type scale (1 = Not At All Likely; 10 = Very Likely) and they will read as follows: 1) "How likely would you be to adhere to your clinician's recommendations to limit your access to a firearm for safety purposes?";
and 2) "How likely would you be to encourage a loved one to adhere to your clinician's recommendations to limit their access to a firearm for safety purposes?"
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One month after intervention
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Acceptability of Intervention
Periodo de tiempo: Immediately prior to intervention
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The acceptability of the intervention will be measured utilizing the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8).
The CSQ-8 is an 8-item instrument assessing the degree to which individuals find services to be acceptable (Attkisson & Zwick, 1982; Larsen et al., 1979).
Items are rated in Likert type scales ranging from 1 to 4 (e.g., 1 = Quite dissatisfied, 2 = indifferent or mildly dissatisfied, 3 = Mostly satisfied, 4 = Very satisfied).
The measure utilizes a summed score (range: 8-32), with higher values being indicative of higher levels of acceptability for the services received by respondents.
Items cover a broad array of acceptability standards (e.g., "How satisfied are you with the amount of help you received?",
"Have the services you received helped you to deal more effectively with your problems?").
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Immediately prior to intervention
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Acceptability of Intervention
Periodo de tiempo: Immediately after intervention
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The acceptability of the intervention will be measured utilizing the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8).
The CSQ-8 is an 8-item instrument assessing the degree to which individuals find services to be acceptable (Attkisson & Zwick, 1982; Larsen et al., 1979).
Items are rated in Likert type scales ranging from 1 to 4 (e.g., 1 = Quite dissatisfied, 2 = indifferent or mildly dissatisfied, 3 = Mostly satisfied, 4 = Very satisfied).
The measure utilizes a summed score (range: 8-32), with higher values being indicative of higher levels of acceptability for the services received by respondents.
Items cover a broad array of acceptability standards (e.g., "How satisfied are you with the amount of help you received?",
"Have the services you received helped you to deal more effectively with your problems?").
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Immediately after intervention
|
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Acceptability of Intervention
Periodo de tiempo: Two weeks after intervention
|
The acceptability of the intervention will be measured utilizing the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8).
The CSQ-8 is an 8-item instrument assessing the degree to which individuals find services to be acceptable (Attkisson & Zwick, 1982; Larsen et al., 1979).
Items are rated in Likert type scales ranging from 1 to 4 (e.g., 1 = Quite dissatisfied, 2 = indifferent or mildly dissatisfied, 3 = Mostly satisfied, 4 = Very satisfied).
The measure utilizes a summed score (range: 8-32), with higher values being indicative of higher levels of acceptability for the services received by respondents.
Items cover a broad array of acceptability standards (e.g., "How satisfied are you with the amount of help you received?",
"Have the services you received helped you to deal more effectively with your problems?").
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Two weeks after intervention
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Acceptability of Intervention
Periodo de tiempo: One month after intervention
|
The acceptability of the intervention will be measured utilizing the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8).
The CSQ-8 is an 8-item instrument assessing the degree to which individuals find services to be acceptable (Attkisson & Zwick, 1982; Larsen et al., 1979).
Items are rated in Likert type scales ranging from 1 to 4 (e.g., 1 = Quite dissatisfied, 2 = indifferent or mildly dissatisfied, 3 = Mostly satisfied, 4 = Very satisfied).
The measure utilizes a summed score (range: 8-32), with higher values being indicative of higher levels of acceptability for the services received by respondents.
Items cover a broad array of acceptability standards (e.g., "How satisfied are you with the amount of help you received?",
"Have the services you received helped you to deal more effectively with your problems?").
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One month after intervention
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.
Patrocinador
Investigadores
- Director de estudio: Thomas E Joiner, PhD, Robert O. Lawton Distinguished Professor
- Investigador principal: Bruno Chiurliza, MS, graduate student
Fechas de registro del estudio
Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Actual)
1 de noviembre de 2019
Finalización primaria (Actual)
2 de abril de 2022
Finalización del estudio (Actual)
2 de abril de 2022
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
4 de febrero de 2019
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
7 de febrero de 2019
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
8 de febrero de 2019
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
8 de abril de 2022
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
6 de abril de 2022
Última verificación
1 de abril de 2022
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Términos MeSH relevantes adicionales
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- HSC#: 2018.26057
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
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