Autonomic and Peripheral Neurochemical Responses to Maximal Rowing Exercise
Integrated Autonomic, Neuroendocrine and Peripheral Neurochemical Responses to Maximal Rowing Exercise and Early Recovery in Elite Athletes
The goal of this observational study is to characterize autonomic, neuroendocrine, and peripheral neurochemical responses to maximal rowing exercise and early recovery in highly trained male athletes.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
- How do circulating concentrations of cortisol, testosterone, dopamine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the testosterone-to-cortisol ratio change in response to maximal rowing exercise and during the first hour of recovery?
- How do autonomic cardiovascular parameters, including heart rate variability, blood pressure variability, and baroreflex sensitivity, change 3 hours after maximal exercise compared with baseline values?
- Do endocrine, peripheral neurochemical, and autonomic responses demonstrate similar or divergent recovery patterns following maximal exercise?
Participants will:
- Perform a maximal 6,000-m rowing ergometer test.
- Undergo venous blood sampling before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 1 hour after exercise recovery for assessment of endocrine and peripheral neurochemical markers.
- Undergo noninvasive cardiovascular and autonomic assessment using the Task Force Monitor System before exercise and 3 hours after exercise recovery.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Condiciones
Intervención / Tratamiento
Descripción detallada
This observational study was conducted to investigate physiological responses to maximal rowing exercise and subsequent recovery in highly trained male athletes. The study employed a repeated-measures design, allowing assessment of exercise-induced changes across multiple physiological systems during distinct phases of recovery.
Participants completed a maximal 6,000-m rowing ergometer test under standardized laboratory conditions. Biological and physiological measurements were collected before exercise and during recovery according to a predefined protocol. Venous blood samples were obtained at baseline, immediately after exercise, and after 1 hour of recovery. Noninvasive autonomic and cardiovascular assessments were performed using the Task Force Monitor System before exercise and after 3 hours of recovery. The protocol was designed to capture both immediate biochemical responses and delayed autonomic recovery following maximal exercise.
The study focused on endocrine, peripheral neurochemical, and autonomic cardiovascular regulation. Peripheral neurochemical markers were assessed from blood samples and interpreted as components of the peripheral physiological response to exercise rather than direct indicators of central nervous system activity.
Data collection was performed under controlled laboratory conditions using standardized procedures. All measurements were obtained by trained investigators using calibrated equipment. Data quality was verified through routine review of laboratory and physiological recordings. Implausible values and technical artifacts were identified and evaluated before statistical analysis.
The planned sample size was based on the availability of elite athletes meeting the inclusion criteria and the repeated-measures design of the study. Statistical analyses were conducted using repeated-measures approaches appropriate for longitudinal within-subject data. Data distribution was assessed prior to analysis. Parametric or non-parametric tests were applied as appropriate. Effect sizes were calculated to complement significance testing. Associations between selected physiological variables were explored using correlation analyses. Missing data were handled using complete-case analysis, with no imputation procedures applied.
Tipo de estudio
Inscripción (Actual)
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Ubicaciones de estudio
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Poznań
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Poznan, Poznań, Polonia, 61-871
- Poznań University of Physical Education
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Criterios de participación
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
- Adulto
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Método de muestreo
Población de estudio
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Highly trained rowers competing at the national or international level
- Regular participation in structured rowing training
- Current sports medical clearance for maximal exercise testing
- Ability to complete a maximal 6,000-m rowing ergometer test
- Written informed consent to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria:
- Acute illness, infection, or injury before testing
- Diagnosed cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, endocrine, or inflammatory disorder
- Use of medications or supplements that could affect cardiovascular, endocrine, metabolic, or neurochemical responses
- Inability to complete the maximal 6,000-m rowing ergometer test
- Inability or refusal to provide blood samples
- Non-compliance with study procedures or pre-test instructions
Plan de estudios
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
Cohortes e Intervenciones
Grupo / Cohorte |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
|---|---|
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Male elite rowers
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Participants completed a single maximal 6,000-m rowing ergometer test.
The intervention was distinguished by a standardized all-out rowing protocol combined with peripheral blood sampling before exercise, immediately after exercise, and after 1 hour of recovery, as well as noninvasive autonomic and cardiovascular assessment at baseline and 3 hours after exercise.
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Female elite rowers
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Participants completed a single maximal 6,000-m rowing ergometer test.
The intervention was distinguished by a standardized all-out rowing protocol combined with peripheral blood sampling before exercise, immediately after exercise, and after 1 hour of recovery, as well as noninvasive autonomic and cardiovascular assessment at baseline and 3 hours after exercise.
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¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Change from baseline in serum cortisol concentration
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise), 0 minutes post-exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise.
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Marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and exercise-induced endocrine response.
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Baseline (pre-exercise), 0 minutes post-exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in serum testosterone concentration
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise), 0 minutes post-exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise.
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Marker of anabolic status and exercise-induced endocrine response.
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Baseline (pre-exercise), 0 minutes post-exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in testosterone-to-cortisol ratio (T/C)
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise), 0 minutes post-exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise.
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Marker of anabolic-catabolic balance during exercise and recovery.
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Baseline (pre-exercise), 0 minutes post-exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in serum dopamine concentration
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise), 0 minutes post-exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise.
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Peripheral neurochemical marker associated with physiological responses to exercise and recovery.
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Baseline (pre-exercise), 0 minutes post-exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in serum serotonin concentration
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise), 0 minutes post-exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise.
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Peripheral neurochemical marker associated with exercise-induced physiological responses and recovery processes.
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Baseline (pre-exercise), 0 minutes post-exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in serum gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise), 0 minutes post-exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise.
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Peripheral neurochemical marker involved in physiological regulatory processes during exercise and recovery.
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Baseline (pre-exercise), 0 minutes post-exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in systolic blood pressure (sBP)
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Continuous beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure measured using the Task Force Monitor System.
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Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in diastolic blood pressure (dBP)
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Continuous beat-to-beat diastolic blood pressure measured using the Task Force Monitor System.
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Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in mean blood pressure (mBP)
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Continuous beat-to-beat mean arterial pressure measured using the Task Force Monitor System.
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Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in heart rate (HR)
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Heart rate derived from continuous electrocardiographic recordings.
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Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in total power spectral density of RR intervals (PSD-RRI)
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Total spectral power of heart rate variability obtained from power spectral analysis of RR intervals.
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Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in low-frequency power of RR intervals (LF-RRI)
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Low-frequency component of heart rate variability (0.04-0.15 Hz), reflecting combined sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation.
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Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in high-frequency power of RR intervals (HF-RRI)
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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High-frequency component of heart rate variability (0.17-0.40 Hz), considered an indicator of parasympathetic modulation.
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Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in LF/HF ratio
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency spectral power used as an index of sympathovagal balance.
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Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS)
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Index of baroreflex function calculated using the spontaneous sequence method.
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Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Change from baseline in baroreflex effectiveness index (BEI)
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Index quantifying the effectiveness of baroreflex-mediated cardiovascular regulation.
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Baseline (pre-exercise) and 180 minutes post-exercise.
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Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Change from baseline in blood lactate concentration
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (pre-exercise), 0 minutes post-exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise.
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Marker of metabolic response to maximal rowing exercise and early recovery.
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Baseline (pre-exercise), 0 minutes post-exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise.
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Patrocinador
Investigadores
- Silla de estudio: Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn, Professor, Poznan University of Physical Education, Gorzów Wielkopolski; Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzów Wielkopolski;
Fechas de registro del estudio
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Actual)
Finalización primaria (Actual)
Finalización del estudio (Actual)
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Última verificación
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Palabras clave
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- B-machine
Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)
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Descripción del plan IPD
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
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