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Comparing Bowen Therapy and Tennis Ball Technique for Pain and Disability in Plantar Fasciitis Patients, A Randomized Controlled Trial (PF)

23 maggio 2026 aggiornato da: Manahil Mustafa, Green International University

Comparative Effects of Bowen Therapy and Tennis Ball Technique on Pain and Functional Disability in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis, A Randomized Controlled Trial

Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain and can make everyday activities such as walking, standing for long periods, or climbing stairs difficult and uncomfortable. It usually occurs due to stress and inflammation in the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that supports the arch of the foot. People suffering from this condition often experience sharp pain, especially during the first steps in the morning or after long periods of rest.

This study focuses on comparing two non-invasive treatment methods: Bowen Therapy and the Tennis Ball Technique. Bowen Therapy is a gentle manual therapy that uses soft rolling movements over muscles and connective tissues to reduce tension, improve circulation, and promote the body's natural healing process. On the other hand, the Tennis Ball Technique is a simple self-treatment method in which patients roll a tennis ball under the foot to massage the plantar fascia, relieve tightness, and reduce pain.

The main purpose of this research is to determine which technique is more effective in decreasing pain and improving functional ability in patients with plantar fasciitis. By comparing these two methods, the study aims to provide a safe, affordable, and easy treatment option that can improve mobility, reduce discomfort, and enhance the quality of life of individuals suffering from heel pain.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Completato

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

Plantar fasciitis is a musculoskeletal condition that causes pain and tenderness in the heel and the bottom of the foot. It develops when the plantar fascia, a strong fibrous tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes, becomes irritated or overstretched due to repeated stress. The condition is commonly seen in individuals who spend long hours standing, athletes, overweight individuals, and people with improper foot posture or unsuitable footwear. Patients often complain of severe heel pain during the first few steps after waking up or after prolonged sitting. If not treated properly, the pain can gradually interfere with walking, work performance, physical activity, and overall quality of life.

Different conservative treatment approaches are used to manage plantar fasciitis, including stretching exercises, manual therapy, massage techniques, strengthening programs, and pain-relieving modalities. Among these approaches, Bowen Therapy and the Tennis Ball Technique have gained attention because they are simple, non-surgical, and cost-effective methods that may help reduce pain and improve foot function.

Bowen Therapy is a gentle hands-on therapy that involves specific rolling movements over muscles, tendons, and soft tissues. The technique is performed with pauses between movements, allowing the body to respond naturally and promote relaxation and healing. It is believed that Bowen Therapy helps improve blood circulation, reduce muscle tightness, decrease stress on the plantar fascia, and restore normal movement patterns. Because the technique is gentle and non-invasive, it may be suitable for patients who cannot tolerate aggressive manual treatments.

The Tennis Ball Technique is a self-management approach commonly used for stretching and releasing tension in the plantar fascia. In this method, a patient rolls a tennis ball under the sole of the foot while applying controlled pressure. This movement provides a massage-like effect that may help loosen tight tissues, improve flexibility, stimulate circulation, and reduce discomfort in the heel area. The technique is easy to perform at home, requires minimal equipment, and can be incorporated into daily routines, making it a practical treatment option for many patients.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Bowen Therapy and the Tennis Ball Technique in reducing pain and improving functional disability in individuals with plantar fasciitis. The research aims to evaluate which treatment method provides better outcomes in terms of pain relief, mobility, and the ability to perform daily activities comfortably. Understanding the comparative effects of these two interventions may help healthcare professionals select more effective rehabilitation strategies and provide patients with accessible and beneficial treatment options for long-term management of plantar fasciitis.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Effettivo)

80

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab Province
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan
        • Alara Healthcare Wapda town Lahore

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Adulto

Accetta volontari sani

No

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria: Patients aged 20-50 years. Diagnosis of plantar fasciitis is outlined by a physiotherapist or medical expert. The condition lasts more than 4 weeks

-

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of injury in the lower limb within the last 6 months or surgery on the lower limb within the last 6 months. Known diseases which are systemic (or neurological) in nature (e.g., diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral neuropathy). The use of corticosteroid injections or medications that disrupt the connective tissue has continued to be administered

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Trattamento
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Triplicare

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: Bowen Therapy Group

Participants in Group A will receive Bowen Therapy. The procedure will be as follows:

  1. Frequency and Duration:

    Bowen therapy sessions will be conducted twice a week for a duration of 12 weeks.

    Each session will last approximately 30 to 45 minutes.

  2. Treatment Focus:

During each Bowen therapy session, the therapist will apply gentle and precise neuromuscular manipulations to specific anatomical points, focusing on the lower limb and foot. These points include fascial trigger spots and other myofascial tension areas that are implicated in plantar fasciitis.

The Bowen technique involves rolling motions applied with the therapist's fingers or thumbs, working through the fascia and muscle tissues to promote fascial release, improve circulation, and reduce pain.
Procedura: Bowen therapy

Participants in Group A will undergo Bowen Therapy and the treatment will be provided twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting about 30 to 45 minutes, depending on individual response and condition.

During each session, the therapist will apply gentle, targeted rolling movements using fingers or thumbs on specific points of the lower limb and foot. These points are selected based on areas of muscle tightness, fascial restriction, and pain related to plantar fasciitis. The technique aims to promote muscle relaxation, improve tissue circulation, and reduce pain by working on the fascial system and supporting overall neuromuscular balance
Sperimentale: Tennis Ball Technique Group

Participants in Group B will perform self-myofascial release (SMR) using a tennis ball. The procedure for self-administration will be as follows:

  1. Frequency and Duration:

    Participants will be instructed to perform the self-myofascial release (SMR) using a tennis ball once a day for 12 weeks.

    Each session will last about 10 to 15 minutes, with the participant rolling the tennis ball under the foot for about 5 to 10 minutes per foot.

  2. Technique and Procedure:

The participants will be taught the correct technique for rolling the tennis ball under the sole of the foot, with emphasis on applying appropriate pressure to trigger points or areas of tightness (e.g., arch, heel, and plantar fascia).

A standardized pressure will be recommended to ensure the ball is rolled with sufficient force to produce fascial release without causing excessive discomfort or injury.
Procedura: Self myofascial release by Tennis ball technique

Participants in Group B will perform self-myofascial release (SMR) using a tennis ball. The procedure for self-administration will be as follows:

  1. Frequency and Duration:

    Participants will be instructed to perform the self-myofascial release (SMR) using a tennis ball once a day for 12 weeks.

    Each session will last about 10 to 15 minutes, with the participant rolling the tennis ball under the foot for about 5 to 10 minutes per foot.

  2. Technique and Procedure:

The participants will be taught the correct technique for rolling the tennis ball under the sole of the foot, with emphasis on applying appropriate pressure to trigger points or areas of tightness (e.g., arch, heel, and plantar fascia).

A standardized pressure will be recommended to ensure the ball is rolled with sufficient force to produce fascial release without causing excessive discomfort or injury.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
pain Intensity
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 12 weeks post intervention
Pain (VAS): Pain is the subjective experience of discomfort related to plantar fasciitis, measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Participants rate their pain on a 10-point scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain), assessing pain at rest, during activity, and in the morning
Baseline and 12 weeks post intervention

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
change in function disability
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 12 weeks post intervention
Foot Function Index (FFI): The Foot Function Index (FFI) is a self-reported tool that measures pain and functional limitations caused by plantar fasciitis. It consists of three subscales-pain, disability, and activity limitation-each scored from 0 (no difficulty) to 10 (extreme difficulty), evaluating the impact on daily activities like walking and standing
Baseline and 12 weeks post intervention

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Green International University

Investigatori

  • Investigatore principale: Department of physical therapy, Alara Healthcare Wapda town Lahore

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

2 novembre 2025

Completamento primario (Effettivo)

29 aprile 2026

Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)

6 maggio 2026

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

23 maggio 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

23 maggio 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

1 giugno 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

1 giugno 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

23 maggio 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 maggio 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Parole chiave

Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • GIU/REC/26-29 (Altro identificatore: Green International University)

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

SÌ

Descrizione del piano IPD

only IPD used in the results publication will be shared

Periodo di condivisione IPD

It will be available after the completion of the study

Criteri di accesso alla condivisione IPD

Through the corresponding author

Tipo di informazioni di supporto alla condivisione IPD

  • STUDIO_PROTOCOLLO
  • LINFA
  • ICF
  • RSI

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .

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