Effects of Reformer Pilates and Vestibular Exercise Programs on Balance and Gait in Children With Visual Impairment
31 agosto 2026 aggiornato da: Marmara University
Effects of Different Exercise Programs on Balance Performance and Gait Biomechanics in Children With Visual Impairment
This study looks at whether Reformer Pilates can help children and adolescents with visual impairment improve their balance, walking patterns, and muscle strength.
Participants are between 10 and 17 years old. They are randomly placed into one of two groups: an exercise group or a control group.
Those in the exercise group take part in 12 supervised Reformer Pilates sessions over 6 weeks, meeting twice a week. Those in the control group keep up with their usual daily activities and do not join the exercise program during this time.
Before and after the 6-week period, researchers measure each participant's balance, walking patterns, and muscle strength. They then compare how much each group changed.
Panoramica dello studio
Stato
Attivo, non reclutante
Condizioni
Intervento / Trattamento
Tipo di studio
Interventistico
Iscrizione (Effettivo)
75
Fase
- Non applicabile
Contatti e Sedi
Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.
Luoghi di studio
-
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Istanbul
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Istanbul, Istanbul, Turchia (Türkiye)
- Türkan Sabancı Görme Engelliler Okulu
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Criteri di partecipazione
I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.
Criteri di ammissibilità
Età idonea allo studio
- Bambino
Accetta volontari sani
No
Descrizione
Inclusion Criteria:
- Children and adolescents aged 10 to 17 years
- Diagnosis of visual impairment, classified as degree 2 to 5
- informed consent provided by a parent or legal guardian
Exclusion Criteria:
- Presence of an orthopedic disorder affecting balance, gait, or participation in the exercise program
- Presence of a neurological disorder affecting balance, gait, or participation in the exercise program
- Use of medications known to affect balance or gait
Piano di studio
Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.
Come è strutturato lo studio?
Dettagli di progettazione
- Scopo principale: Trattamento
- Assegnazione: Randomizzato
- Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
- Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)
Armi e interventi
Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm |
Intervento / Trattamento |
|---|---|
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Sperimentale: Pilates (Equipment-Based Pilates(Reformer)) Group
Participants in this arm received a supervised Reformer Pilates exercise program twice weekly for 6 weeks, for a total of 12 sessions
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Participants in this arm attended a supervised Reformer Pilates program, held twice a week for six weeks (12 sessions in total).
Sessions were structured around the Reformer apparatus and followed a progressive format, with exercise difficulty gradually increasing as participants advanced through the program.
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|
Sperimentale: Vestibular Exercise Group
Participants in this group receive a supervised vestibular balance exercise program for 6 weeks, consisting of 12 sessions (two sessions per week).
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Participants in this arm attended a supervised vestibular balance exercise program, held twice a week for six weeks (12 sessions in total).
Exercises were performed under varying sensory conditions and progressed in difficulty as participants advanced through the program.
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Nessun intervento: Control Group
Participants in this arm continued their usual daily activities and did not receive either of the study exercise programs during the study period.
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Cosa sta misurando lo studio?
Misure di risultato primarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
|
Static Balance Performance: Center of Pressure Sway Area
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
|
Center of Pressure Sway Area: Static balance performance is assessed using the TekScan pressure platform.
Center of pressure (COP) sway area is measured during standardized quiet standing and expressed in square centimeters (cm²) and Higher values indicate greater postural sway.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Static Balance Performance: Center of Pressure Path Length
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Center of pressure path length is measured using the TekScan pressure platform during quiet standing, representing the total displacement distance of the center of pressure, expressed in centimeters (cm).
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Static Balance Performance: Antero-posterior Center of Pressure Excursion
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Anteroposterior center of pressure excursion is measured using the TekScan pressure platform during quiet standing, representing postural sway in the forward-backward direction, expressed in centimeters (cm).
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Static Balance Performance: Mediolateral Center of Pressure Excursion
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Medio-lateral center of pressure excursion is measured using the TekScan pressure platform during quiet standing, representing postural sway in the side-to-side direction, expressed in centimeters (cm).
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Gait - Spatiotemporal:Walking Speed
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Walking speed is assessed using the iSen Inertial Motion Capture System by STT Systems (iSEN IMUs )during the walking test and it is expressed in meters per second (m/s).
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Gait - Spatiotemporal: Gait Cadence
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Gait cadence is assessed using the iSen IMUs and it represents the average number of steps taken per minute during walking.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Gait - Spatiotemporal: Step Length and Stride Length During Gait
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Step length and stride length are assessed using the iSEN IMU system during walking, expressed in meters (m).
Step length represents the average distance between consecutive foot contacts of opposite feet and stride length represents the average distance between successive contacts of the same foot.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Pelvic Symmetry
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Pelvic symmetry during gait is assessed using the iSEN IMUs and it is expressed as a percentage (%).
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Gait: Stance and Swing Phase Duration
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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During Gait Stance and swing phase durations are assessed bilaterally using the iSEN IMUs.
Stance phase represents the portion of the gait cycle during which the foot is in contact with the ground, and swing phase represents the portion during which the foot is not in contact with the ground.
Values are recorded separately for the right and left limbs, expressed in seconds and as a percentage of the gait cycle.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Gait: Double Support Duration During Gait
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Double support duration is assessed bilaterally using iSEN IMUs and represents the portion of the gait cycle during which both feet are concurrently in contact with the ground.
Values are recorded separately for the right and left limbs, expressed as a percentage of the gait cycle.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Gait Kinematics: Hip Flexion-Extension Angle During Gait
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Hip flexion and extension angles during the gait cycle are assessed bilaterally using the iSEN IMUs and expressed in degrees (º).
Maximum hip flexion angle and minimum hip extension angle are recorded separately for the right and left limbs.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Gait Kinematics: Hip Flexion-Extension Range of Motion During Gait
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Hip flexion-extension range of motion during the gait cycle is assessed bilaterally using the iSEN IMUs and expressed in degrees (º),it is recorded separately for the right and left limbs.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Gait Kinematics: Knee Flexion-Extension Angle During Gait
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Knee flexion and extension angles during the gait cycle are assessed bilaterally using the iSEN IMUs and expressed in degrees (º).
Maximum knee flexion angle and minimum knee extension angle are recorded separately for the right and left limbs.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Gait Kinematics: Knee Flexion-Extension Range of Motion During Gait
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Knee flexion-extension range of motion during the gait cycle is assessed bilaterally using the iSEN IMUs and expressed in degrees (º), recorded separately for the right and left limbs.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Gait Kinematics: Ankle Dorsiflexion-Plantarflexion Angle During Gait
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion angles during the gait cycle are assessed bilaterally using the iSEN IMUs and expressed in degrees (º).
Maximum dorsiflexion angle and minimum plantarflexion angle are recorded separately for the right and left limbs.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Gait Kinematics: Ankle Dorsiflexion-Plantarflexion Range of Motion During Gait
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Ankle dorsiflexion-plantarflexion range of motion during the gait cycle is assessed bilaterally using the iSEN IMUs system and expressed in degrees (º), it is recorded separately for the right and left limbs.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Gait Kinematics: Pelvic Tilt Angle During Gait
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Maximum posterior and anterior pelvic tilt angles during the gait cycle are assessed using the iSEN IMUs inertial measurement unit system and expressed in degrees (º), recorded separately as posterior tilt and anterior tilt values.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Gait Kinematics: Pelvic Tilt Range of Motion
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Pelvic tilt range of motion during the gait cycle is assessed using the iSEN IMUs , representing the combined anterior (posterior tilt) and interior (anterior tilt) excursion, expressed in degrees (º).
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Misure di risultato secondarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
|
Muscle Strength: Isometric Knee Extensor Muscle Strength
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
|
Knee Extension Isometric Strength Assessment: Participants will sit with knees at ~90° flexion, feet unsupported, distal posterior thigh positioned ~10 cm from the chair's front edge, arms on the armrests with hands gripping the handles, and thighs/pelvis stabilized with a strap.
A dynamometer will be fixed to an apparatus mounted behind the chair using a rigid, non-stretch strap positioned ~2 cm proximal to the lateral malleolus and secured across the anterior tibial surface; participants will perform knee extension, applying maximal isometric force against the dynamometer through the strap.
Three 5-second maximal contractions will be performed, with 1-minute rest between trials and verbal encouragement to ensure maximal effort; peak force will be recorded for each trial.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Muscle Strength: Isometric Knee Flexor Muscle Strength
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Knee Flexion Isometric Strength Assessment: Participants will sit with feet unsupported, arms on the armrests with hands gripping the handles, and popliteal fossa positioned ~10 cm anterior to the chair's front edge, with thighs/pelvis stabilized using a strap.
A dynamometer will be fixed to an apparatus mounted in front of the chair using a rigid, non-stretch strap positioned ~2 cm proximal to the lateral malleolus and secured across the posterior tibial surface; participants will flex the knee to 90° and apply maximal isometric force against the dynamometer through the strap.
Three 5-second maximal contractions will be performed, with 1-minute rest between trials and verbal encouragement to ensure maximal effort; peak force will be recorded for each trial.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Trunk Muscle Endurance: Trunk Flexor Endurance
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Trunk flexor endurance is assessed using a 1-minute curl-up test.
Participants perform repeated curl-ups from a supine position with knees flexed at 90°, sliding their hands forward toward the knees and returning to the starting position with proper form.
The number of correctly completed repetitions within 1 minute is recorded.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Trunk Extensor Endurance
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Description: Trunk extensor endurance is assessed using a modified Sørensen test performed on a Roman chair, with the pelvis and lower extremities secured.
Participants cross their arms over the chest and maintain the trunk horizontally aligned with the lower extremities, knees extended, for as long as possible.
The test is terminated when the participant can no longer sustain the position, and the duration is recorded in seconds.
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Baseline and post-intervention at Week 6
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Collaboratori e investigatori
Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.
Sponsor
Investigatori
- Investigatore principale: Selda Uzun, PhD, Marmara University
Studiare le date dei record
Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.
Studia le date principali
Inizio studio (Effettivo)
14 febbraio 2025
Completamento primario (Stimato)
30 novembre 2026
Completamento dello studio (Stimato)
25 dicembre 2026
Date di iscrizione allo studio
Primo inviato
24 agosto 2026
Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità
24 agosto 2026
Primo Inserito (Effettivo)
27 agosto 2026
Aggiornamenti dei record di studio
Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)
2 settembre 2026
Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC
31 agosto 2026
Ultimo verificato
1 agosto 2026
Maggiori informazioni
Termini relativi a questo studio
Parole chiave
Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi
Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio
- MARMARA-VI-RP-2026-01
Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)
Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?
NO
Descrizione del piano IPD
Individual participant data will not be made available to other researchers.
Because the study population consists of children, data sharing is restricted in line with the permission obtained from the Provincial Directorate of National Education.
Study results will only be presented in aggregate form, without any information that could identify individual participants.
Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio
Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti
No
Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti
No
Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .