Effects of Virtual Reality After Liver Transplantation (VR-LT)
Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain, Fatigue and Vital Signs After Liver Transplantation A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effects of a virtual reality intervention on pain, fatigue and vital signs in patients during the early postoperative period after liver transplantation. Postoperative symptoms such as pain and fatigue may negatively affect recovery and patient comfort. Virtual reality has emerged as a non-pharmacological method that may help reduce these symptoms by providing distraction and relaxation.
A total of 84 patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group received a 20-minute virtual reality session, while the control group received standard care. Pain, fatigue and vital signs were measured before and after the intervention.
This study aims to determine whether virtual reality can improve patient comfort and physiological stability and support recovery after liver transplantation.
調査の概要
詳細な説明
This study was designed as a prospective, randomized controlled, single-blind trial to evaluate the effects of a virtual reality intervention on pain, fatigue, and vital signs in patients during the early postoperative period after liver transplantation.
Liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure; however, patients frequently experience postoperative symptoms such as pain and fatigue, which may negatively affect recovery, physiological stability, and overall patient comfort. Non-pharmacological interventions have gained increasing attention in recent years as supportive approaches to improve postoperative outcomes. Virtual reality is an emerging technology that provides immersive distraction and relaxation, potentially reducing symptom perception and enhancing patient well-being.
The study was conducted in the organ transplantation clinic of a university hospital between May 2025 and January 2026. A total of 84 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=42) or the control group (n=42) using a computer-based randomization method.
Patients in the experimental group received a 20-minute virtual reality intervention during the early postoperative period, while patients in the control group received standard care without additional intervention. Pain levels were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), fatigue levels were measured using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), and vital signs including heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were recorded. All measurements were obtained before the intervention and 15 minutes after the intervention.
The primary objective of the study was to determine the effect of virtual reality on fatigue levels. Secondary outcomes included pain and vital signs. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical methods, and statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
This study aims to contribute to the evidence base regarding the effectiveness of virtual reality as a non-pharmacological nursing intervention and to support its integration into clinical practice to improve postoperative care in liver transplantation patients.
研究の種類
入学 (実際)
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
研究場所
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-
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Malatya、トルコ（Türkiye）
- Inonu University Liver Transplantation Institute
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参加基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
- 大人
- 高齢者
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age ≥18 years
- Underwent liver transplantation
- In the early postoperative period
- Able to communicate verbally
- No diagnosed psychiatric disorder
- Hemodynamically stable
- Pain score ≥4 on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)
- Willing to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria:
- Presence of severe postoperative complications
- Cognitive impairment or inability to understand instructions
- Visual or hearing impairments preventing use of virtual reality
- History of motion sickness or vertigo related to virtual reality use
- Chronic diseases that may affect fatigue or vital signs (e.g., uncontrolled cardiovascular or respiratory diseases)
- Refusal to participate
研究計画
研究はどのように設計されていますか？
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的：処理
- 割り当て：ランダム化
- 介入モデル：並列代入
- マスキング：独身
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療 |
|---|---|
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実験的：Experimental Group
Participants received a 20 minute virtual reality intervention during the early postoperative period following liver transplantation.
The intervention was administered using a head mounted display and aimed to reduce fatigue and improve physiological parameters
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A 20 minute immersive virtual reality session was administered using a headmounted display during the early postoperative period following liver transplantation.
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アクティブコンパレータ：Control Group
Participants received routine postoperative care without any additional intervention
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Participants received routine postoperative care without any additional intervention
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この研究は何を測定していますか？
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Change in fatigue severity
時間枠：Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
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Change in fatigue severity measured using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) total score (range: 0-10; higher scores indicate greater fatigue)
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Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
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二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in pain intensity
時間枠：Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
|
Measured using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) (range: 0-10; higher scores indicate greater pain)
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Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
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Change in heart rate (beats per minute)
時間枠：Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
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Change in heart rate measured in beats per minute (bpm).
Heart rate was recorded as part of routine vital sign monitoring to evaluate the physiological response to the virtual reality intervention.
Lower values may indicate improved relaxation and autonomic stability.
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Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
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Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
時間枠：Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
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Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Blood pressure was recorded as part of routine vital sign monitoring to evaluate the cardiovascular response to the virtual reality intervention.
Lower values may indicate improved physiological stability and relaxation.
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Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
|
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Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
時間枠：Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
|
Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Blood pressure was assessed as part of routine vital sign monitoring to evaluate the cardiovascular response to the intervention.
Lower values may indicate improved physiological stability.
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Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
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協力者と研究者
研究記録日
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (実際)
一次修了 (実際)
研究の完了 (実際)
試験登録日
最初に提出
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
最初の投稿 (実際)
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
最終確認日
詳しくは
本研究に関する用語
キーワード
追加の関連 MeSH 用語
その他の研究ID番号
- 25H04 (その他の助成金/資金番号：Malatya Turgut Ozal University Scientific Research Projects Unit)
個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画
個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?
医薬品およびデバイス情報、研究文書
米国FDA規制医薬品の研究
米国FDA規制機器製品の研究
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