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Effects of Virtual Reality After Liver Transplantation (VR-LT)

5 mai 2026 mis à jour par: Bilsev DEMIR, Malatya Turgut Ozal University

Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain, Fatigue and Vital Signs After Liver Transplantation A Randomized Controlled Trial

This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effects of a virtual reality intervention on pain, fatigue and vital signs in patients during the early postoperative period after liver transplantation. Postoperative symptoms such as pain and fatigue may negatively affect recovery and patient comfort. Virtual reality has emerged as a non-pharmacological method that may help reduce these symptoms by providing distraction and relaxation.

A total of 84 patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group received a 20-minute virtual reality session, while the control group received standard care. Pain, fatigue and vital signs were measured before and after the intervention.

This study aims to determine whether virtual reality can improve patient comfort and physiological stability and support recovery after liver transplantation.

Aperçu de l'étude

Statut

Complété

Les conditions

Intervention / Traitement

Description détaillée

This study was designed as a prospective, randomized controlled, single-blind trial to evaluate the effects of a virtual reality intervention on pain, fatigue, and vital signs in patients during the early postoperative period after liver transplantation.

Liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure; however, patients frequently experience postoperative symptoms such as pain and fatigue, which may negatively affect recovery, physiological stability, and overall patient comfort. Non-pharmacological interventions have gained increasing attention in recent years as supportive approaches to improve postoperative outcomes. Virtual reality is an emerging technology that provides immersive distraction and relaxation, potentially reducing symptom perception and enhancing patient well-being.

The study was conducted in the organ transplantation clinic of a university hospital between May 2025 and January 2026. A total of 84 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=42) or the control group (n=42) using a computer-based randomization method.

Patients in the experimental group received a 20-minute virtual reality intervention during the early postoperative period, while patients in the control group received standard care without additional intervention. Pain levels were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), fatigue levels were measured using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), and vital signs including heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were recorded. All measurements were obtained before the intervention and 15 minutes after the intervention.

The primary objective of the study was to determine the effect of virtual reality on fatigue levels. Secondary outcomes included pain and vital signs. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical methods, and statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

This study aims to contribute to the evidence base regarding the effectiveness of virtual reality as a non-pharmacological nursing intervention and to support its integration into clinical practice to improve postoperative care in liver transplantation patients.

Type d'étude

Interventionnel

Inscription (Réel)

84

Phase

  • N'est pas applicable

Contacts et emplacements

Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.

Lieux d'étude

  • Turquie (Türkiye)
      • Malatya, Turquie (Türkiye)
        • Inonu University Liver Transplantation Institute

Critères de participation

Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.

Critère d'éligibilité

Âges éligibles pour étudier

  • Adulte
  • Adulte plus âgé

Accepte les volontaires sains

Non

La description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age ≥18 years
  • Underwent liver transplantation
  • In the early postoperative period
  • Able to communicate verbally
  • No diagnosed psychiatric disorder
  • Hemodynamically stable
  • Pain score ≥4 on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)
  • Willing to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of severe postoperative complications
  • Cognitive impairment or inability to understand instructions
  • Visual or hearing impairments preventing use of virtual reality
  • History of motion sickness or vertigo related to virtual reality use
  • Chronic diseases that may affect fatigue or vital signs (e.g., uncontrolled cardiovascular or respiratory diseases)
  • Refusal to participate

Plan d'étude

Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.

Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?

Détails de conception

  • Objectif principal: Traitement
  • Répartition: Randomisé
  • Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
  • Masquage: Seul

Armes et Interventions

Groupe de participants / Bras
Intervention / Traitement
Expérimental: Experimental Group
Participants received a 20 minute virtual reality intervention during the early postoperative period following liver transplantation. The intervention was administered using a head mounted display and aimed to reduce fatigue and improve physiological parameters
Comportemental: Virtual Reality Intervention
A 20 minute immersive virtual reality session was administered using a headmounted display during the early postoperative period following liver transplantation.
Comparateur actif: Control Group
Participants received routine postoperative care without any additional intervention
Autre: Standard Care
Participants received routine postoperative care without any additional intervention

Que mesure l'étude ?

Principaux critères de jugement

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Change in fatigue severity
Délai: Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Change in fatigue severity measured using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) total score (range: 0-10; higher scores indicate greater fatigue)
Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention

Mesures de résultats secondaires

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Change in pain intensity
Délai: Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Measured using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) (range: 0-10; higher scores indicate greater pain)
Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Change in heart rate (beats per minute)
Délai: Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Change in heart rate measured in beats per minute (bpm). Heart rate was recorded as part of routine vital sign monitoring to evaluate the physiological response to the virtual reality intervention. Lower values may indicate improved relaxation and autonomic stability.
Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Délai: Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Blood pressure was recorded as part of routine vital sign monitoring to evaluate the cardiovascular response to the virtual reality intervention. Lower values may indicate improved physiological stability and relaxation.
Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Délai: Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Blood pressure was assessed as part of routine vital sign monitoring to evaluate the cardiovascular response to the intervention. Lower values may indicate improved physiological stability.
Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention

Collaborateurs et enquêteurs

C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.

Parrainer

Malatya Turgut Ozal University

Dates d'enregistrement des études

Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.

Dates principales de l'étude

Début de l'étude (Réel)

1 mai 2025

Achèvement primaire (Réel)

31 janvier 2026

Achèvement de l'étude (Réel)

31 janvier 2026

Dates d'inscription aux études

Première soumission

24 avril 2026

Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

5 mai 2026

Première publication (Réel)

7 mai 2026

Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude

Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)

7 mai 2026

Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

5 mai 2026

Dernière vérification

1 mai 2026

Plus d'information

Termes liés à cette étude

Mots clés

Termes MeSH pertinents supplémentaires

Autres numéros d'identification d'étude

  • 25H04 (Autre subvention/numéro de financement: Malatya Turgut Ozal University Scientific Research Projects Unit)

Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)

Prévoyez-vous de partager les données individuelles des participants (DPI) ?

NON

Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude

Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Ces informations ont été extraites directement du site Web clinicaltrials.gov sans aucune modification. Si vous avez des demandes de modification, de suppression ou de mise à jour des détails de votre étude, veuillez contacter register@clinicaltrials.gov. Dès qu'un changement est mis en œuvre sur clinicaltrials.gov, il sera également mis à jour automatiquement sur notre site Web .

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