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Effects of Virtual Reality After Liver Transplantation (VR-LT)

5 maggio 2026 aggiornato da: Bilsev DEMIR, Malatya Turgut Ozal University

Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain, Fatigue and Vital Signs After Liver Transplantation A Randomized Controlled Trial

This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effects of a virtual reality intervention on pain, fatigue and vital signs in patients during the early postoperative period after liver transplantation. Postoperative symptoms such as pain and fatigue may negatively affect recovery and patient comfort. Virtual reality has emerged as a non-pharmacological method that may help reduce these symptoms by providing distraction and relaxation.

A total of 84 patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group received a 20-minute virtual reality session, while the control group received standard care. Pain, fatigue and vital signs were measured before and after the intervention.

This study aims to determine whether virtual reality can improve patient comfort and physiological stability and support recovery after liver transplantation.

Panoramica dello studio

Descrizione dettagliata

This study was designed as a prospective, randomized controlled, single-blind trial to evaluate the effects of a virtual reality intervention on pain, fatigue, and vital signs in patients during the early postoperative period after liver transplantation.

Liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure; however, patients frequently experience postoperative symptoms such as pain and fatigue, which may negatively affect recovery, physiological stability, and overall patient comfort. Non-pharmacological interventions have gained increasing attention in recent years as supportive approaches to improve postoperative outcomes. Virtual reality is an emerging technology that provides immersive distraction and relaxation, potentially reducing symptom perception and enhancing patient well-being.

The study was conducted in the organ transplantation clinic of a university hospital between May 2025 and January 2026. A total of 84 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=42) or the control group (n=42) using a computer-based randomization method.

Patients in the experimental group received a 20-minute virtual reality intervention during the early postoperative period, while patients in the control group received standard care without additional intervention. Pain levels were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), fatigue levels were measured using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), and vital signs including heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were recorded. All measurements were obtained before the intervention and 15 minutes after the intervention.

The primary objective of the study was to determine the effect of virtual reality on fatigue levels. Secondary outcomes included pain and vital signs. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical methods, and statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

This study aims to contribute to the evidence base regarding the effectiveness of virtual reality as a non-pharmacological nursing intervention and to support its integration into clinical practice to improve postoperative care in liver transplantation patients.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Effettivo)

84

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

      • Malatya, Turchia (Türkiye)
        • Inonu University Liver Transplantation Institute

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Adulto
  • Adulto più anziano

Accetta volontari sani

No

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age ≥18 years
  • Underwent liver transplantation
  • In the early postoperative period
  • Able to communicate verbally
  • No diagnosed psychiatric disorder
  • Hemodynamically stable
  • Pain score ≥4 on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)
  • Willing to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of severe postoperative complications
  • Cognitive impairment or inability to understand instructions
  • Visual or hearing impairments preventing use of virtual reality
  • History of motion sickness or vertigo related to virtual reality use
  • Chronic diseases that may affect fatigue or vital signs (e.g., uncontrolled cardiovascular or respiratory diseases)
  • Refusal to participate

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Trattamento
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Separare

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: Experimental Group
Participants received a 20 minute virtual reality intervention during the early postoperative period following liver transplantation. The intervention was administered using a head mounted display and aimed to reduce fatigue and improve physiological parameters
A 20 minute immersive virtual reality session was administered using a headmounted display during the early postoperative period following liver transplantation.
Comparatore attivo: Control Group
Participants received routine postoperative care without any additional intervention
Participants received routine postoperative care without any additional intervention

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change in fatigue severity
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Change in fatigue severity measured using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) total score (range: 0-10; higher scores indicate greater fatigue)
Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change in pain intensity
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Measured using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) (range: 0-10; higher scores indicate greater pain)
Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Change in heart rate (beats per minute)
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Change in heart rate measured in beats per minute (bpm). Heart rate was recorded as part of routine vital sign monitoring to evaluate the physiological response to the virtual reality intervention. Lower values may indicate improved relaxation and autonomic stability.
Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Blood pressure was recorded as part of routine vital sign monitoring to evaluate the cardiovascular response to the virtual reality intervention. Lower values may indicate improved physiological stability and relaxation.
Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention
Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Blood pressure was assessed as part of routine vital sign monitoring to evaluate the cardiovascular response to the intervention. Lower values may indicate improved physiological stability.
Baseline and 15 minutes after intervention

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

1 maggio 2025

Completamento primario (Effettivo)

31 gennaio 2026

Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)

31 gennaio 2026

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

24 aprile 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

5 maggio 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

7 maggio 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

7 maggio 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

5 maggio 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 maggio 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .

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