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Relative Age and Passing Performance in Pre-adolescent Football Players (RAE-LSPT)

2026年7月21日 更新者：Édison Andrés Pérez Bedoya、Federal University of Vicosa

Relative Age and Passing Performance in Pre-adolescent Football Players: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test

This completed cross-sectional observational study examined whether relative age within an annual selection cycle was associated with passing performance in pre-adolescent football players. Participants were classified by birth month, birth quarter and birth semester. Passing performance was assessed using the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test, in which players completed 16 passes to colour-coded targets as quickly and accurately as possible. Total performance time combined movement time, time penalties for errors and time bonuses for accurate passes. The study evaluated the distribution of players across the selection year and the association between relative age and passing-test performance while accounting for the two chronological birth cohorts represented in the sample.

調査の概要

状態

完了

条件

詳細な説明

Annual age grouping in youth football can create a relative age effect, characterised by the over-representation of players born earlier in the selection year. This pattern is often attributed to temporary developmental advantages, but it is unclear whether earlier-born pre-adolescent players also demonstrate superior technical performance.

The study used a cross-sectional observational design in a youth football development programme in Bello, Colombia. The source cohort contained 61 participant records. Birth month was used to classify players into four relative-age quarters: Q1 (January-March), Q2 (April-June), Q3 (July-September) and Q4 (October-December), and into two semesters: H1 (January-June) and H2 (July-December).

Passing performance was measured with the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test. Players were scheduled to complete two trials separated by five minutes. Each trial comprised 16 externally cued passes to four colour-coded target areas. Movement time was adjusted by adding penalties for inaccurate execution or protocol violations and subtracting bonuses for striking the central target strip. Lower total performance time indicated better performance. The primary technical outcome was the mean total performance time across available trials. Sensitivity outcomes included Trial 1 and the best trial.

The primary analysis estimated the association between birth month and LSPT total performance time after adjustment for birth cohort. Additional analyses examined representation by quarter and semester and agreement between the two LSPT trials. Data collection was completed in 2017. The study is being registered retrospectively in 2026 to improve transparency and support public sharing of the anonymised dataset and analysis materials.

研究の種類

観察的

入学 (実際)

61

連絡先と場所

このセクションには、調査を実施する担当者の連絡先の詳細と、この調査が実施されている場所に関する情報が記載されています。

研究場所

  • コロンビア
    • Antioquia
      • Guarne、Antioquia、コロンビア、054080
        • Tecnológico de Antioquia

参加基準

研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。

適格基準

就学可能な年齢

  • 子

健康ボランティアの受け入れ

なし

サンプリング方法

非確率サンプル

調査対象母集団

Pre-adolescent football players enrolled in a youth football development programme in Bello, Antioquia, Colombia. Participants were recruited from the available programme roster using a non-probability, programme-based sample. The study included players from two chronological birth cohorts and classified them according to position within the annual selection year.

説明

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Registered or actively participating in the selected youth football development programme in Bello, Colombia during the assessment period.
  • Date of birth available in the programme roster.
  • Able to undertake the football passing assessment.
  • Written parent or legal guardian consent and child assent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Acute injury, illness or medical restriction preventing safe completion of the LSPT [retain only if this was an actual criterion].
  • Unable to complete the required familiarisation or test procedure.
  • Missing date-of-birth information.
  • No valid LSPT trial available for inclusion in the primary analytical sample.

研究計画

このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。

研究はどのように設計されていますか？

デザインの詳細

コホートと介入

グループ/コホート
Group 1
Q1 - Players born from January to March
Group 2
Q2 - Players born from April to June
Group 3
Q3 - Players born from July to September
Group 4
Q4 - Players born from October to December

この研究は何を測定していますか？

主要な結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Mean LSPT total performance time
時間枠：Day 1
Mean of all available LSPT trial total performance times, expressed in seconds. For each trial, total performance time was calculated as movement time plus penalty time minus bonus time. Lower values indicate better performance.
Day 1
Number of participants in each relative-age quarter
時間枠：Baseline
Count of participants classified as Q1 (January-March), Q2 (April-June), Q3 (July-September) or Q4 (October-December), based on the date of birth recorded in the programme roster.
Baseline

二次結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
LSPT Trial 1 total performance time
時間枠：Day 1
Trial 1 movement time plus penalty time minus bonus time, expressed in seconds.
Day 1
Best LSPT total performance time
時間枠：Day 1
Lowest total performance time recorded across the participant's available LSPT trials, expressed in seconds. Two trials were scheduled five minutes apart.
Day 1
Number of participants in each relative-age semester
時間枠：Baseline
Count of participants classified as H1 (January-June) or H2 (July-December), based on the date of birth recorded in the programme roster.
Baseline
Difference between Trial 2 and Trial 1 total performance time
時間枠：Day 1
Trial 2 total performance time minus Trial 1 total performance time, expressed in seconds, among participants who completed both trials. The two trials were scheduled five minutes apart.
Day 1

協力者と研究者

ここでは、この調査に関係する人々や組織を見つけることができます。

スポンサー

Federal University of Vicosa

研究記録日

これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。

主要日程の研究

研究開始 (実際)

2024年1月15日

一次修了 (実際)

2024年1月15日

研究の完了 (実際)

2024年3月20日

試験登録日

最初に提出

2026年7月16日

QC基準を満たした最初の提出物

2026年7月21日

最初の投稿 (実際)

2026年7月27日

学習記録の更新

投稿された最後の更新 (実際)

2026年7月27日

QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました

2026年7月21日

最終確認日

2026年7月1日

詳しくは

本研究に関する用語

キーワード

その他の研究ID番号

  • RAE-LSPT-2017-01

個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画

個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?

はい

IPD プランの説明

The de-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in the associated article will be made publicly available in Zenodo. The shared materials will include the participant-level analytical dataset, data dictionary, metadata, and reproducible analysis code. Names, identity-document numbers, exact dates of birth, contact information, and any participant re-identification key will not be shared. Data will become available when the Zenodo record is released, no later than publication of the primary article, and will remain available indefinitely under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. Access will be open and will not require submission or approval of a research proposal.

IPD 共有時間枠

Data will be available from the public release of the Zenodo record, no later than publication of the primary article, and will remain available indefinitely.

IPD 共有アクセス基準

The data and supporting materials will be publicly accessible through Zenodo without the need for a formal request, research proposal, data-use agreement, or approval by the study investigators.

IPD 共有サポート情報タイプ

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ANALYTIC_CODE

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米国FDA規制医薬品の研究

いいえ

米国FDA規制機器製品の研究

いいえ

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