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Relative Age and Passing Performance in Pre-adolescent Football Players (RAE-LSPT)

21. Juli 2026 aktualisiert von: Édison Andrés Pérez Bedoya, Federal University of Vicosa

Relative Age and Passing Performance in Pre-adolescent Football Players: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test

This completed cross-sectional observational study examined whether relative age within an annual selection cycle was associated with passing performance in pre-adolescent football players. Participants were classified by birth month, birth quarter and birth semester. Passing performance was assessed using the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test, in which players completed 16 passes to colour-coded targets as quickly and accurately as possible. Total performance time combined movement time, time penalties for errors and time bonuses for accurate passes. The study evaluated the distribution of players across the selection year and the association between relative age and passing-test performance while accounting for the two chronological birth cohorts represented in the sample.

Studienübersicht

Status

Abgeschlossen

Bedingungen

Detaillierte Beschreibung

Annual age grouping in youth football can create a relative age effect, characterised by the over-representation of players born earlier in the selection year. This pattern is often attributed to temporary developmental advantages, but it is unclear whether earlier-born pre-adolescent players also demonstrate superior technical performance.

The study used a cross-sectional observational design in a youth football development programme in Bello, Colombia. The source cohort contained 61 participant records. Birth month was used to classify players into four relative-age quarters: Q1 (January-March), Q2 (April-June), Q3 (July-September) and Q4 (October-December), and into two semesters: H1 (January-June) and H2 (July-December).

Passing performance was measured with the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test. Players were scheduled to complete two trials separated by five minutes. Each trial comprised 16 externally cued passes to four colour-coded target areas. Movement time was adjusted by adding penalties for inaccurate execution or protocol violations and subtracting bonuses for striking the central target strip. Lower total performance time indicated better performance. The primary technical outcome was the mean total performance time across available trials. Sensitivity outcomes included Trial 1 and the best trial.

The primary analysis estimated the association between birth month and LSPT total performance time after adjustment for birth cohort. Additional analyses examined representation by quarter and semester and agreement between the two LSPT trials. Data collection was completed in 2017. The study is being registered retrospectively in 2026 to improve transparency and support public sharing of the anonymised dataset and analysis materials.

Studientyp

Beobachtungs

Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)

61

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienorte

  • Kolumbien
    • Antioquia
      • Guarne, Antioquia, Kolumbien, 054080
        • Tecnológico de Antioquia

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

  • Kind

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

N/A

Probenahmeverfahren

Nicht-Wahrscheinlichkeitsprobe

Studienpopulation

Pre-adolescent football players enrolled in a youth football development programme in Bello, Antioquia, Colombia. Participants were recruited from the available programme roster using a non-probability, programme-based sample. The study included players from two chronological birth cohorts and classified them according to position within the annual selection year.

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Registered or actively participating in the selected youth football development programme in Bello, Colombia during the assessment period.
  • Date of birth available in the programme roster.
  • Able to undertake the football passing assessment.
  • Written parent or legal guardian consent and child assent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Acute injury, illness or medical restriction preventing safe completion of the LSPT [retain only if this was an actual criterion].
  • Unable to complete the required familiarisation or test procedure.
  • Missing date-of-birth information.
  • No valid LSPT trial available for inclusion in the primary analytical sample.

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

Kohorten und Interventionen

Gruppe / Kohorte
Group 1
Q1 - Players born from January to March
Group 2
Q2 - Players born from April to June
Group 3
Q3 - Players born from July to September
Group 4
Q4 - Players born from October to December

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Mean LSPT total performance time
Zeitfenster: Day 1
Mean of all available LSPT trial total performance times, expressed in seconds. For each trial, total performance time was calculated as movement time plus penalty time minus bonus time. Lower values indicate better performance.
Day 1
Number of participants in each relative-age quarter
Zeitfenster: Baseline
Count of participants classified as Q1 (January-March), Q2 (April-June), Q3 (July-September) or Q4 (October-December), based on the date of birth recorded in the programme roster.
Baseline

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
LSPT Trial 1 total performance time
Zeitfenster: Day 1
Trial 1 movement time plus penalty time minus bonus time, expressed in seconds.
Day 1
Best LSPT total performance time
Zeitfenster: Day 1
Lowest total performance time recorded across the participant's available LSPT trials, expressed in seconds. Two trials were scheduled five minutes apart.
Day 1
Number of participants in each relative-age semester
Zeitfenster: Baseline
Count of participants classified as H1 (January-June) or H2 (July-December), based on the date of birth recorded in the programme roster.
Baseline
Difference between Trial 2 and Trial 1 total performance time
Zeitfenster: Day 1
Trial 2 total performance time minus Trial 1 total performance time, expressed in seconds, among participants who completed both trials. The two trials were scheduled five minutes apart.
Day 1

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

Federal University of Vicosa

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)

15. Januar 2024

Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)

15. Januar 2024

Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)

20. März 2024

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

16. Juli 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

21. Juli 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

27. Juli 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

27. Juli 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

21. Juli 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. Juli 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Schlüsselwörter

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • RAE-LSPT-2017-01

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

Planen Sie, individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD) zu teilen?

JA

Beschreibung des IPD-Plans

The de-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in the associated article will be made publicly available in Zenodo. The shared materials will include the participant-level analytical dataset, data dictionary, metadata, and reproducible analysis code. Names, identity-document numbers, exact dates of birth, contact information, and any participant re-identification key will not be shared. Data will become available when the Zenodo record is released, no later than publication of the primary article, and will remain available indefinitely under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. Access will be open and will not require submission or approval of a research proposal.

IPD-Sharing-Zeitrahmen

Data will be available from the public release of the Zenodo record, no later than publication of the primary article, and will remain available indefinitely.

IPD-Sharing-Zugriffskriterien

The data and supporting materials will be publicly accessible through Zenodo without the need for a formal request, research proposal, data-use agreement, or approval by the study investigators.

Art der unterstützenden IPD-Freigabeinformationen

  • STUDIENPROTOKOLL
  • SAFT
  • ANALYTIC_CODE

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

Diese Informationen wurden ohne Änderungen direkt von der Website clinicaltrials.gov abgerufen. Wenn Sie Ihre Studiendaten ändern, entfernen oder aktualisieren möchten, wenden Sie sich bitte an register@clinicaltrials.gov. Sobald eine Änderung auf clinicaltrials.gov implementiert wird, wird diese automatisch auch auf unserer Website aktualisiert .

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