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Relative Age and Passing Performance in Pre-adolescent Football Players (RAE-LSPT)

21 de julio de 2026 actualizado por: Édison Andrés Pérez Bedoya, Federal University of Vicosa

Relative Age and Passing Performance in Pre-adolescent Football Players: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test

This completed cross-sectional observational study examined whether relative age within an annual selection cycle was associated with passing performance in pre-adolescent football players. Participants were classified by birth month, birth quarter and birth semester. Passing performance was assessed using the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test, in which players completed 16 passes to colour-coded targets as quickly and accurately as possible. Total performance time combined movement time, time penalties for errors and time bonuses for accurate passes. The study evaluated the distribution of players across the selection year and the association between relative age and passing-test performance while accounting for the two chronological birth cohorts represented in the sample.

Descripción general del estudio

Estado

Terminado

Condiciones

Descripción detallada

Annual age grouping in youth football can create a relative age effect, characterised by the over-representation of players born earlier in the selection year. This pattern is often attributed to temporary developmental advantages, but it is unclear whether earlier-born pre-adolescent players also demonstrate superior technical performance.

The study used a cross-sectional observational design in a youth football development programme in Bello, Colombia. The source cohort contained 61 participant records. Birth month was used to classify players into four relative-age quarters: Q1 (January-March), Q2 (April-June), Q3 (July-September) and Q4 (October-December), and into two semesters: H1 (January-June) and H2 (July-December).

Passing performance was measured with the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test. Players were scheduled to complete two trials separated by five minutes. Each trial comprised 16 externally cued passes to four colour-coded target areas. Movement time was adjusted by adding penalties for inaccurate execution or protocol violations and subtracting bonuses for striking the central target strip. Lower total performance time indicated better performance. The primary technical outcome was the mean total performance time across available trials. Sensitivity outcomes included Trial 1 and the best trial.

The primary analysis estimated the association between birth month and LSPT total performance time after adjustment for birth cohort. Additional analyses examined representation by quarter and semester and agreement between the two LSPT trials. Data collection was completed in 2017. The study is being registered retrospectively in 2026 to improve transparency and support public sharing of the anonymised dataset and analysis materials.

Tipo de estudio

De observación

Inscripción (Actual)

61

Contactos y Ubicaciones

Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.

Ubicaciones de estudio

  • Colombia
    • Antioquia
      • Guarne, Antioquia, Colombia, 054080
        • Tecnológico de Antioquia

Criterios de participación

Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.

Criterio de elegibilidad

Edades elegibles para estudiar

  • Niño

Acepta Voluntarios Saludables

N/A

Método de muestreo

Muestra no probabilística

Población de estudio

Pre-adolescent football players enrolled in a youth football development programme in Bello, Antioquia, Colombia. Participants were recruited from the available programme roster using a non-probability, programme-based sample. The study included players from two chronological birth cohorts and classified them according to position within the annual selection year.

Descripción

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Registered or actively participating in the selected youth football development programme in Bello, Colombia during the assessment period.
  • Date of birth available in the programme roster.
  • Able to undertake the football passing assessment.
  • Written parent or legal guardian consent and child assent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Acute injury, illness or medical restriction preventing safe completion of the LSPT [retain only if this was an actual criterion].
  • Unable to complete the required familiarisation or test procedure.
  • Missing date-of-birth information.
  • No valid LSPT trial available for inclusion in the primary analytical sample.

Plan de estudios

Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.

¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?

Detalles de diseño

Cohortes e Intervenciones

Grupo / Cohorte
Group 1
Q1 - Players born from January to March
Group 2
Q2 - Players born from April to June
Group 3
Q3 - Players born from July to September
Group 4
Q4 - Players born from October to December

¿Qué mide el estudio?

Medidas de resultado primarias

Medida de resultado
Medida Descripción
Periodo de tiempo
Mean LSPT total performance time
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1
Mean of all available LSPT trial total performance times, expressed in seconds. For each trial, total performance time was calculated as movement time plus penalty time minus bonus time. Lower values indicate better performance.
Day 1
Number of participants in each relative-age quarter
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline
Count of participants classified as Q1 (January-March), Q2 (April-June), Q3 (July-September) or Q4 (October-December), based on the date of birth recorded in the programme roster.
Baseline

Medidas de resultado secundarias

Medida de resultado
Medida Descripción
Periodo de tiempo
LSPT Trial 1 total performance time
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1
Trial 1 movement time plus penalty time minus bonus time, expressed in seconds.
Day 1
Best LSPT total performance time
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1
Lowest total performance time recorded across the participant's available LSPT trials, expressed in seconds. Two trials were scheduled five minutes apart.
Day 1
Number of participants in each relative-age semester
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline
Count of participants classified as H1 (January-June) or H2 (July-December), based on the date of birth recorded in the programme roster.
Baseline
Difference between Trial 2 and Trial 1 total performance time
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1
Trial 2 total performance time minus Trial 1 total performance time, expressed in seconds, among participants who completed both trials. The two trials were scheduled five minutes apart.
Day 1

Colaboradores e Investigadores

Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.

Patrocinador

Federal University of Vicosa

Fechas de registro del estudio

Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados ​​por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.

Fechas importantes del estudio

Inicio del estudio (Actual)

15 de enero de 2024

Finalización primaria (Actual)

15 de enero de 2024

Finalización del estudio (Actual)

20 de marzo de 2024

Fechas de registro del estudio

Enviado por primera vez

16 de julio de 2026

Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad

21 de julio de 2026

Publicado por primera vez (Actual)

27 de julio de 2026

Actualizaciones de registros de estudio

Última actualización publicada (Actual)

27 de julio de 2026

Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad

21 de julio de 2026

Última verificación

1 de julio de 2026

Más información

Términos relacionados con este estudio

Palabras clave

Otros números de identificación del estudio

  • RAE-LSPT-2017-01

Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)

¿Planea compartir datos de participantes individuales (IPD)?

SÍ

Descripción del plan IPD

The de-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in the associated article will be made publicly available in Zenodo. The shared materials will include the participant-level analytical dataset, data dictionary, metadata, and reproducible analysis code. Names, identity-document numbers, exact dates of birth, contact information, and any participant re-identification key will not be shared. Data will become available when the Zenodo record is released, no later than publication of the primary article, and will remain available indefinitely under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. Access will be open and will not require submission or approval of a research proposal.

Marco de tiempo para compartir IPD

Data will be available from the public release of the Zenodo record, no later than publication of the primary article, and will remain available indefinitely.

Criterios de acceso compartido de IPD

The data and supporting materials will be publicly accessible through Zenodo without the need for a formal request, research proposal, data-use agreement, or approval by the study investigators.

Tipo de información de apoyo para compartir IPD

  • PROTOCOLO DE ESTUDIO
  • SAVIA
  • CÓDIGO_ANALÍTICO

Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio

Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.

No

Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.

No

Esta información se obtuvo directamente del sitio web clinicaltrials.gov sin cambios. Si tiene alguna solicitud para cambiar, eliminar o actualizar los detalles de su estudio, comuníquese con register@clinicaltrials.gov. Tan pronto como se implemente un cambio en clinicaltrials.gov, también se actualizará automáticamente en nuestro sitio web. .

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