Satiety Response After Mixed Fiber Doses

Inclusion Criteria:

• English speaking
• healthy men and women
• 18 and 65 years of age
• non-smoking
• not taking medications
• non-dieting (weight stable over last 3 months)
• BMI between 18 and 27
• able to give blood through an IV

Exclusion Criteria:

• irregular or erratic breakfast eating patterns
• food allergies to ingredients commonly found in muffins or pizza
• distaste for muffins or pizza
• BMI less than 18 or greater than 27
• weight change > 5 kg in last 3 months (intentional or unintentional)
• cardiovascular disease
• diabetes mellitus (fasting blood sugar > 126 mg/dl)
• cancer in prior 5 years (except basal cell carcinoma of skin)
• renal or hepatic disease
• Crohns disease
• ulcerative colitis
• any other gastrointestinal conditions that may affect digestion or absorption
• recent bacterial infection (< 3 months)
• chronic medication use
• history of drug or alcohol abuse in prior 6 months
• concurrent or recent intervention study participation
• vegetarians
• people who ate more than approximately 15 g of fiber per day
• pregnant or lactating women
• women with irregular menstrual cycles