Studying the Impacts of Higher Taxes and Bans on Electronic Cigarettes to Improve Public Health
6 mei 2026 bijgewerkt door: Ce Shang, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
Design Tiered Tax Rates for Electronic Cigarettes (ECs) Based on Their Appeals to Youth and Young Adults
This clinical trial studies whether imposing higher taxes and bans on electronic cigarettes (EC) with appealing features impacts tobacco use among current and susceptible adolescents and young adults (AYA) EC users and adults who use EC or are open to EC use.
ECs are currently the most popular form of nicotine or tobacco product in the United States.
Compared to burned cigarette products, ECs generally pose fewer short-term harms, making them a promising tool for lowering users' exposure to toxins and cancer-causing chemicals from smoking, promoting better public health outcomes.
However, evidence shows that EC marketing has increased overall initiation into nicotine use among AYAs, and that EC users are at a higher risk of becoming smokers, which could have negative public health outcomes.
Therefore, understanding the public health impact of EC use and regulation remains a major goal in tobacco control research.
This trial studies different scenarios which impose higher taxes or bans on ECs with appealing features.
Researchers hope that by studying participant responses to the different scenarios they may be able to identify which ones best discourage EC use among AYAs while promoting adult EC users to quit smoking, which may improve public health.
Studie Overzicht
Toestand
Nog niet aan het werven
Conditie
Interventie / Behandeling
Gedetailleerde beschrijving
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
I. Provide empirical evidence on how tiered EC taxes - imposing higher taxes on ECs with AYA appealing features - impact EC use, combustible tobacco use, and the prevalence of cross-border or illegal purchases.
II. Examine how tiered taxes on AYA-appealing features (flavors, product type, nicotine concentration) impact EC use and combustible tobacco smoking among current and susceptible AYA EC users. (Aim 1) III. Assess how tiered taxes on AYA-appealing features impact EC and combustible tobacco smoking among adult smokers who either use or are open to using ECs. (Aim 2) IV. Compare tiered EC taxes with sales bans on ECs with AYA-appealing features in terms of their impacts on tobacco use, cross-border shopping, and illegal EC purchases. (Aim 3)
OUTLINE: Participants are assigned to 1 of 3 aims.
AIMS 1 & 2: Participants complete volumetric choice experiments (VCEs) over 20 minutes on study with random assignment to: 1) Nicotine levels (low versus [vs.] high); 2) Flavors (fruit/sweet vs. ice vs. menthol/mint vs. tobacco); 3) EC tax bases (by product type vs. by flavor vs. by nicotine concentration), and 4) rate levels (status quo [equal rates] vs. 50% higher vs. 100% higher vs. 200% higher) among six different products (tanks, pods, disposables, cigarettes, cigars, and oral nicotine pouches [ONPs]) and opt-out options (none of the six products or quitting).
AIM 3: Participants are randomized to 1 of 2 groups.
GROUP 1: Participants complete VCEs over 20 minutes on study with random assignment to: 1) nicotine levels (low versus vs. high) and 2) flavors (fruit/sweet vs. ice vs. menthol/mint vs. tobacco) with optimal tiered tax conditions among four different products (preferred EC type, cigarettes, cigars, ONPs) and opt-out options (none of the six products or quitting).
GROUP 2: Participants complete VCEs over 20 minutes on study with random assignment to: 1) nicotine levels (low versus vs. high), 2) flavors (fruit/sweet vs. ice vs. menthol/mint vs. tobacco), and 3) purchasing sources (out-of-state legal vs. local/online illegal, vs. local legal) with banned conditions among four different products (preferred EC type, cigarettes, cigars, ONPs) and opt-out options (none of the six products or quitting).
Studietype
Ingrijpend
Inschrijving (Geschat)
3400
Fase
- Niet toepasbaar
Contacten en locaties
In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.
Studiecontact
- Naam: The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Telefoonnummer: 800-293-5066
- E-mail: OSUCCCClinicaltrials@osumc.edu
Studie Locaties
-
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Ohio
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Columbus, Ohio, Verenigde Staten, 43210
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
-
Contact:
- Ce Shang, PhD
- Telefoonnummer: 614-685-3741
- E-mail: ce.shang@osumc.edu
-
Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Ce Shang, PhD
-
-
Deelname Criteria
Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.
Geschiktheidscriteria
Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie
- Kind
- Volwassen
- Oudere volwassene
Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers
Ja
Beschrijving
Inclusion Criteria:
- AYAs aged 15-24 who are daily or nondaily users of ECs and are not smoking in the past 30 days
- AYA tobacco nonusers aged 15-24 who are susceptible to EC or tobacco use (i.e., curiosity about the product, intention to try it in the near future, and likely response if a best friend were to offer them the product)
- Adults aged 18+ who are daily or nondaily users of ECs and combustible tobacco in the past 30 days
- Adults aged 18+ who are daily or nondaily users of combustible tobacco in the past 30 days, not currently using ECs but are open to trying ECs
Studie plan
Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.
Hoe is de studie opgezet?
Ontwerpdetails
- Primair doel: Preventie
- Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
- Interventioneel model: Sequentiële toewijzing
- Masker: Geen (open label)
Wapens en interventies
Deelnemersgroep / Arm |
Interventie / Behandeling |
|---|---|
|
Experimenteel: Aim 3 group 1 (tiered tax condition VCEs)
Participants complete VCEs over 20 minutes on study with random assignment to: 1) nicotine levels (low versus vs. high) and 2) flavors (fruit/sweet vs. ice vs. menthol/mint vs. tobacco) with optimal tiered tax conditions among four different products (preferred EC type, cigarettes, cigars, ONPs) and opt-out options (none of the six products or quitting).
|
Nevenstudies
Complete EC tax base, rate, nicotine level, and flavor VCEs
Andere namen:
Complete tiered tax condition VCEs
Andere namen:
Complete banned condition VCEs
Andere namen:
|
|
Experimenteel: Aim 3 group 2 (banned condition VCEs)
Participants complete VCEs over 20 minutes on study with random assignment to: 1) nicotine levels (low versus vs. high), 2) flavors (fruit/sweet vs. ice vs. menthol/mint vs. tobacco), and 3) purchasing sources (out-of-state legal vs. local/online illegal, vs. local legal) with banned conditions among four different products (preferred EC type, cigarettes, cigars, ONPs) and opt-out options (none of the six products or quitting).
|
Nevenstudies
Complete EC tax base, rate, nicotine level, and flavor VCEs
Andere namen:
Complete tiered tax condition VCEs
Andere namen:
Complete banned condition VCEs
Andere namen:
|
|
Experimenteel: Aims 1 & 2 (EC tax base and rate VCEs)
Participants complete VCEs over 20 minutes on study with random assignment to: 1) Nicotine levels (low vs. high); 2) Flavors (fruit/sweet vs. ice vs. menthol/mint vs. tobacco); 3) EC tax bases (by product type vs. by flavor vs. by nicotine concentration), and 4) rate levels (status quo [equal rates] vs. 50% higher vs. 100% higher vs. 200% higher) among six different products (tanks, pods, disposables, cigarettes, cigars, and oral nicotine pouches [ONPs]) and opt-out options (none of the six products or quitting).
|
Nevenstudies
Complete EC tax base, rate, nicotine level, and flavor VCEs
Andere namen:
Complete tiered tax condition VCEs
Andere namen:
Complete banned condition VCEs
Andere namen:
|
Wat meet het onderzoek?
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
|
Electronic cigarette (EC) use among adolescent and young adult (AYA) current/susceptible users (Aim 1)
Tijdsspanne: Up to 2 years
|
Will examine how tiered taxes on AYA-appealing features (flavors, product type, nicotine concentration) impact EC use among current and susceptible AYA EC users.
All hypotheses will be tested using regression analyses.
Will use count data models, such as the Negative Binomial model, the Poisson model, and Multiple Discrete-Continuous Extreme Value (MDCEV) Model.
Will use clustered sandwich estimators and consider mixed effects, random effects, and fixed effects in the modeling to account for the hierarchical structure (participant-choice set-purchase) and correlations among choices made by the same individual (repeated measures).
Analyses will also control for sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, tobacco use histories/status, and purchase expenditures.
|
Up to 2 years
|
|
Combustible tobacco smoking among AYA current/susceptible users (Aim 1)
Tijdsspanne: Up to 2 years
|
Will examine how tiered taxes on AYA-appealing features (flavors, product type, nicotine concentration) impact combustible tobacco smoking among current and susceptible AYA EC users.
All hypotheses will be tested using regression analyses.
Will use count data models, such as the Negative Binomial model, the Poisson model, and MDCEV Model.
Will use clustered sandwich estimators and consider mixed effects, random effects, and fixed effects in the modeling to account for the hierarchical structure (participant-choice set-purchase) and correlations among choices made by the same individual (repeated measures).
Analyses will also control for sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, tobacco use histories/status, and purchase expenditures.
|
Up to 2 years
|
|
EC use among adult smokers who use or are open to ECs (Aim 2)
Tijdsspanne: Up to 2 years
|
Will assess how tiered taxes on AYA-appealing features (flavors, product type, nicotine concentration) impact EC smoking among adult smokers who either use or are open to using ECs.
All hypotheses will be tested using regression analyses.
Will use count data models, such as the Negative Binomial model, the Poisson model, and MDCEV Model.
Will use clustered sandwich estimators and consider mixed effects, random effects, and fixed effects in the modeling to account for the hierarchical structure (participant-choice set-purchase) and correlations among choices made by the same individual (repeated measures).
Analyses will also control for sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, tobacco use histories/status, and purchase expenditures.
|
Up to 2 years
|
|
Combustible tobacco smoking among adult smokers who use or are open to ECs (Aim 2)
Tijdsspanne: Up to 2 years
|
Will assess how tiered taxes on AYA-appealing features (flavors, product type, nicotine concentration) impact combustible tobacco smoking among adult smokers who either use or are open to using ECs.
All hypotheses will be tested using regression analyses.
Will use count data models, such as the Negative Binomial model, the Poisson model, and MDCEV Model.
Will use clustered sandwich estimators and consider mixed effects, random effects, and fixed effects in the modeling to account for the hierarchical structure (participant-choice set-purchase) and correlations among choices made by the same individual (repeated measures).
Analyses will also control for sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, tobacco use histories/status, and purchase expenditures.
|
Up to 2 years
|
|
Tobacco use among AYA EC current/susceptible users (Aim 3)
Tijdsspanne: Up to 2 years
|
Will compare tiered EC taxes with sales bans on ECs with AYA-appealing features in terms of their impacts on tobacco use.
All hypotheses will be tested using regression analyses.
Will use count data models, such as the Negative Binomial model, the Poisson model, and MDCEV Model.
Will use clustered sandwich estimators and consider mixed effects, random effects, and fixed effects in the modeling to account for the hierarchical structure (participant-choice set-purchase) and correlations among choices made by the same individual (repeated measures).
Analyses will also control for sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, tobacco use histories/status, and purchase expenditures.
|
Up to 2 years
|
|
Cross-border shopping among AYA EC current/susceptible users (Aim 3)
Tijdsspanne: Up to 2 years
|
Will compare tiered EC taxes with sales bans on ECs with AYA-appealing features in terms of their impacts on cross-border shopping.
In order to assess differences in the proportion of cross-border EC purchases between the two randomization groups, the occurrence of a cross-border EC purchase will be modeled as a binary variable.
All hypotheses will be tested using regression analyses.
Will use count data models, such as the Negative Binomial model, the Poisson model, and MDCEV Model.
Will use clustered sandwich estimators and consider mixed effects, random effects, and fixed effects in the modeling to account for the hierarchical structure (participant-choice set-purchase) and correlations among choices made by the same individual (repeated measures).
Analyses will also control for sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, tobacco use histories/status, and purchase expenditures.
|
Up to 2 years
|
|
Illegal EC purchases among AYA EC current/susceptible users (Aim 3)
Tijdsspanne: Up to 2 years
|
Will compare tiered EC taxes with sales bans on ECs with AYA-appealing features in terms of their impacts on illegal EC purchases.
In order to assess differences in the proportion of illegal EC purchases between the two randomization groups, the occurrence of an illegal EC purchase will be modeled as a binary variable.
All hypotheses will be tested using regression analyses.
Will use count data models, such as the Negative Binomial model, the Poisson model, and MDCEV Model.
Will use clustered sandwich estimators and consider mixed effects, random effects, and fixed effects in the modeling to account for the hierarchical structure (participant-choice set-purchase) and correlations among choices made by the same individual (repeated measures).
Analyses will also control for sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, tobacco use histories/status, and purchase expenditures.
|
Up to 2 years
|
|
Tobacco use among adult smokers who use or are open to ECs (Aim 3)
Tijdsspanne: Up to 3 years
|
Will compare tiered EC taxes with sales bans on ECs with AYA-appealing features in terms of their impacts on tobacco use.
All hypotheses will be tested using regression analyses.
Will use count data models, such as the Negative Binomial model, the Poisson model, and MDCEV Model.
Will use clustered sandwich estimators and consider mixed effects, random effects, and fixed effects in the modeling to account for the hierarchical structure (participant-choice set-purchase) and correlations among choices made by the same individual (repeated measures).
Analyses will also control for sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, tobacco use histories/status, and purchase expenditures.
|
Up to 3 years
|
|
Cross-border shopping among adult smokers who use or are open to ECs (Aim 3)
Tijdsspanne: Up to 2 years
|
Will compare tiered EC taxes with sales bans on ECs with AYA-appealing features in terms of their impacts on cross-border shopping.
In order to assess differences in the proportion of cross-border EC purchases between the two randomization groups, the occurrence of a cross-border EC purchase will be modeled as a binary variable.
All hypotheses will be tested using regression analyses.
Will use count data models, such as the Negative Binomial model, the Poisson model, and MDCEV Model.
Will use clustered sandwich estimators and consider mixed effects, random effects, and fixed effects in the modeling to account for the hierarchical structure (participant-choice set-purchase) and correlations among choices made by the same individual (repeated measures).
Analyses will also control for sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, tobacco use histories/status, and purchase expenditures.
|
Up to 2 years
|
|
Illegal EC purchases among adult smokers who use or are open to ECs (Aim 3)
Tijdsspanne: Up to 3 years
|
Will compare tiered EC taxes with sales bans on ECs with AYA-appealing features in terms of their impacts on illegal EC purchases.
In order to assess differences in the proportion of illegal EC purchases between the two randomization groups, the occurrence of an illegal EC purchase will be modeled as a binary variable.
All hypotheses will be tested using regression analyses.
Will use count data models, such as the Negative Binomial model, the Poisson model, and MDCEV Model.
Will use clustered sandwich estimators and consider mixed effects, random effects, and fixed effects in the modeling to account for the hierarchical structure (participant-choice set-purchase) and correlations among choices made by the same individual (repeated measures).
Analyses will also control for sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, tobacco use histories/status, and purchase expenditures.
|
Up to 3 years
|
Medewerkers en onderzoekers
Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.
Onderzoekers
- Hoofdonderzoeker: Ce Shang, PhD, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
Publicaties en nuttige links
De persoon die verantwoordelijk is voor het invoeren van informatie over het onderzoek stelt deze publicaties vrijwillig ter beschikking. Dit kan gaan over alles wat met het onderzoek te maken heeft.
Nuttige links
Studie record data
Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.
Bestudeer belangrijke data
Studie start (Geschat)
1 augustus 2026
Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)
31 december 2027
Studie voltooiing (Geschat)
31 december 2027
Studieregistratiedata
Eerst ingediend
6 mei 2026
Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria
6 mei 2026
Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)
12 mei 2026
Updates van studierecords
Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)
12 mei 2026
Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria
6 mei 2026
Laatst geverifieerd
1 april 2026
Meer informatie
Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie
Andere studie-ID-nummers
- OSU-25157
- NCI-2026-02421 (Register-ID: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program))
Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten
Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel
Nee
Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct
Nee
product vervaardigd in en geëxporteerd uit de V.S.
Nee
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