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Efficacy and Safety of Indobufen, Aspirin, Cilostazol and Clopidogrel in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke

Efficacy and Safety of Indobufen, Aspirin, Cilostazol, and Clopidogrel in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: a Single-center, Retrospective Study

Through a single-center retrospective cohort study of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients receiving secondary prevention with indobufen, clopidogrel, cilostazol, or aspirin as monotherapy or dual therapy, we aim to compare the real-world effectiveness and safety of these four antiplatelet regimens. Through closely tracking the recurrence of stroke (including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke) and bleeding events (GUSTO-defined) within one year of treatment, we evaluate the association between each antiplatelet agent and the risk of stroke recurrence, thereby providing critical evidence to guide individualized antiplatelet therapy in AIS patients.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Nog niet aan het werven

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide, with a 5%-10% one-year recurrence rate after acute ischemic stroke (AIS), making effective secondary prevention critical. Indobufen, aspirin, clopidogrel, and cilostazol-as monotherapy or in combination-constitute the main antiplatelet strategies for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Guidelines recommend early clopidogrel-aspirin dual therapy for mild stroke or TIA, while aspirin remains standard for moderate-to-severe cases, though it carries gastrointestinal and bleeding risks. Clopidogrel may be resistant due to CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles in Asian populations. Cilostazol may be suitable for patients with CYP2C19-deficiency but has an uncertain intracranial bleeding risk. Indobufen, a reversible COX inhibitor, offers lower bleeding risk and fewer gastrointestinal adverse effects, yet lacks large-scale head-to-head trials against the other agents. Thus, real-world evidence to guide optimal antiplatelet selection for diverse ischemic stroke patients is lacking. This study aims to compare the effectiveness and safety of these four agents (monotherapy or guideline-recommended dual therapy) for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke, providing hypothesis-generating evidence for future prospective research.

Studietype

Observationeel

Inschrijving (Geschat)

2000

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Studie Contact Back-up

Studie Locaties

    • Guangdong
      • Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510515
        • Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University Recruiting

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen
  • Oudere volwassene

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

NVT

Bemonsteringsmethode

Niet-waarschijnlijkheidssteekproef

Studie Bevolking

The study population mainly includes patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), are aged over 18 years, hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, between January 2020 and December 2025, received one of the following as a secondary prevention regimen within 7 days after discharge, and have follow-up records at 1 year after treatment initiation. Patients with long-term anticoagulant therapy at baseline, history of hemorrhagic stroke or active bleeding, or severe hepatic or renal dysfunction are excluded.

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age ≥ 18 years;
  2. Diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients according to the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke 2018 ;
  3. Hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, between January 2020 and December 2025;
  4. Received one of the following as a secondary prevention regimen within 7 days after discharge: indobufen, aspirin, clopidogrel, or cilostazol, either as monotherapy or as dual therapy;
  5. Have follow-up records at 1 year after treatment initiation.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Already having long-term anticoagulant therapy at baseline;
  2. History of hemorrhagic stroke or active bleeding;
  3. Severe hepatic or renal dysfunction (defined as AST/ALT > 3 times the upper limit of normal, or estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73m²), end-stage disease, intracranial tumor, or intracranial infection.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Incidence of composite events, including any new stroke or bleeding events
Tijdsspanne: Within 1 year of treatment
Stroke includes any ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke. Bleeding events were defined in accordance with the Global Utilization Of Streptokinase And TPA For Occluded Arteries (GUSTO) definition for bleeding.
Within 1 year of treatment

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Incidence of new cardiovascular events and death
Tijdsspanne: Within 1 year
any stroke/ myocardial infarction/ cardiovascular death
Within 1 year
GUSTO-defined bleeding events of all grades
Tijdsspanne: Within 1 year
GUSTO-defined bleeding events include intracranial hemorrhage, clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding, and other specified types of bleeding.
Within 1 year
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NHISS) score
Tijdsspanne: Within 1 year of treatment
The NIHSS score is commonly used to assess the degree of neurological impairment in patients with acute stroke. The NIHSS consists of 11 items, with a total score ranging from 0 to 42. Each item has different scoring criteria, typically ranging from 0 (normal) to 4 (most severe)
Within 1 year of treatment
Modified Rankin Scale ( mRS ) score
Tijdsspanne: Within 1 year of treatment
The MRS score is primarily used to measure the degree of disability and daily living ability of patients. The MRS score ranges from 0 to 6, with a total of 7 levels. The higher the score, the more severe the disability and the worse the prognosis.
Within 1 year of treatment
Barthel Index
Tijdsspanne: Within 1 year of treatment
The Barthel Index is a standardized scale widely used to assess patients' activities of daily living (ADL), covering ten basic functional items including feeding, bathing, dressing, toileting, bowel and bladder control, bed-to-chair transfer, walking, and stair climbing. Total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater independence and better self-care ability. In stroke research, the Barthel Index is commonly used to evaluate neurological recovery and long-term functional outcomes.
Within 1 year of treatment
Drug-related adverse events
Tijdsspanne: Within 1 year of treatment
Drug-related adverse events include gastrointestinal discomfort, rash, abnormal liver function, etc.
Within 1 year of treatment

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

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Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

1 juli 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

1 januari 2027

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

1 juni 2027

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

18 mei 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

18 mei 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

22 mei 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

22 mei 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

18 mei 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 mei 2026

Meer informatie

Deze informatie is zonder wijzigingen rechtstreeks van de website clinicaltrials.gov gehaald. Als u verzoeken heeft om uw onderzoeksgegevens te wijzigen, te verwijderen of bij te werken, neem dan contact op met register@clinicaltrials.gov. Zodra er een wijziging wordt doorgevoerd op clinicaltrials.gov, wordt deze ook automatisch bijgewerkt op onze website .

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