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Respiratory Function and Athletic Performance in Professional Soccer Players

23 mei 2026 bijgewerkt door: Yunus Emre Tutuneken, Istinye University

Association Between Respiratory Function and Athletic Performance Parameters in Professional Soccer Players: A Cross-Sectional Study

This prospective observational study aims to investigate the relationship between respiratory function and multidimensional athletic performance parameters in professional soccer players. The primary hypothesis of the study is that soccer players with enhanced respiratory function and superior respiratory muscle strength will exhibit optimized motor performance outcomes and shorter (faster) reactive reaction times. Investigators will evaluate respiratory muscle strength, spirometric pulmonary functions, dynamic balance, core and abdominal endurance, and reactive visuomotor reaction times during a single testing session within the competitive season.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Nog niet aan het werven

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Professional soccer players from Istanbulspor A.S. Football Club will be screened and enrolled based on strict eligibility criteria. Eligible athletes will undergo a comprehensive, single-session testing protocol designed to prevent fatigue-related bias. Testing will commence with a baseline pulmonary function assessment and respiratory muscle strength evaluation (maximal inspiratory pressure [MIP] and maximal expiratory pressure [MEP]). Following a standardized rest interval, dynamic balance will be quantified using the Y-Balance Test (YBT). Subsequently, reactive visuomotor reaction times will be measured using the wireless BlazePod LED system. Finally, participants will execute higher-intensity, sport-specific performance assessments, including the isometric plank test for core endurance, a 60-second timed sit-up test for abdominal muscular endurance, and the T-drill test for agility. A standardized 10-minute seated rest interval will be strictly enforced between all physical assessments to ensure full physiological recovery. Bivariate correlation models will be utilized to analyze the direct relationships between respiratory indicators and performance indices.

Studietype

Observationeel

Inschrijving (Geschat)

31

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Bemonsteringsmethode

Niet-waarschijnlijkheidssteekproef

Studie Bevolking

The study population will consist of elite-level athletic professionals, specifically young adult male professional soccer players. Participants will be recruited from a licensed professional football club actively competing in national league training and competition schedules.

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Participants will be actively competing, licensed professional soccer players. -Participants will be engaged in regular, team-based training and competitive match schedules.
  • Participants will voluntarily provide written informed consent before any study-related physical performance assessments are conducted.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Participants will be excluded if they present with an acute upper or lower respiratory tract infection that could potentially affect pulmonary function or maximal respiratory muscle performance.
  • Participants will be excluded if they have a documented history of major cardiothoracic surgery.
  • Participants will be excluded if they have any diagnosed respiratory and/or cardiovascular disorder associated with dyspnea or impaired pulmonary mechanics.
  • Participants will be excluded if they present with any condition that elevates clinical risk during maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure assessments.
  • Participants will be excluded if they have sustained an acute musculoskeletal injury within the preceding 6 weeks that could compromise maximal physical exertion during sport-specific performance testing.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP)
Tijdsspanne: 2 hours
Description: Respiratory muscle strength will be assessed using a portable digital respiratory pressure meter. Participants will execute a maximal expiratory maneuver from total lung capacity after full inspiration while wearing a nose clip. The highest reproducible value from at least three technically acceptable trials will be recorded in centimeters of water (cmH₂O).
2 hours
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP)
Tijdsspanne: 2 hour
Description: Respiratory muscle strength will be assessed using a portable digital respiratory pressure meter. Participants will perform a maximal inspiratory maneuver from residual volume following complete expiration while wearing a nose clip. The highest reproducible value from at least three technically acceptable trials will be recorded in centimeters of water (cmH₂O).
2 hour
Reactive Visuomotor Reaction Time
Tijdsspanne: 2 hours
Cognitive-motor reaction speed will be quantified using a wireless LED pod system arrayed in an equidistant semi-circular matrix. Participants will utilize their dominant lower limb to deactivate randomly illuminated pods as quickly as possible across 10 sets of 22 randomized stimuli. The mean reaction time across the challenge will be recorded in milliseconds (ms).
2 hours
Dynamic Postural Stability (Y-Balance Test)
Tijdsspanne: 2 hours
Functional reach capacity and dynamic balance will be quantified using a standardized Y-Balance Test apparatus. While maintaining a single-leg stance, participants will push indicator blocks in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. The maximum reach distance from three successful trials for each direction will be normalized to leg length and used to calculate a comprehensive Composite Score percentage (%) for both limbs.
2 hours
Static Core Stabilization Endurance (Prone Plank Test)
Tijdsspanne: 2 hours
Isometric core endurance will be quantified using the isometric prone plank test on a high-density mat. Participants will support their body weight exclusively on their forearms and toes, maintaining a strict neutral horizontal alignment of the head, spine, hips, and ankles. The test will be terminated when the participant voluntarily discontinues or fails to maintain correct alignment. Total duration will be recorded in seconds (sec).
2 hours

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Tijdsspanne: 2 hours
Pulmonary function will be evaluated using a computerized spirometry system in accordance with ATS/ERS guidelines. Participants will perform a maximal inspiratory effort followed by a rapid and forceful expiration sustained until complete exhalation. The highest reproducible value will be expressed both as an absolute volume in liters (L) and as a percentage of predicted reference values (FVC%).
2 hours
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1%)
Tijdsspanne: 2 hours
Pulmonary function will be evaluated using a computerized spirometry system in accordance with ATS/ERS guidelines. The volume of air exhaled during the first second of the FVC maneuver will be extracted. The highest reproducible value will be expressed both as an absolute volume in liters (L) and as a percentage of predicted reference values (FEV1%).
2 hours
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
Tijdsspanne: 2 hours
Pulmonary function will be evaluated using a computerized spirometry system in accordance with ATS/ERS guidelines. The maximum flow rate achieved during the forced expiratory maneuver will be measured. The highest reproducible value will be expressed in liters per second (L/s) and as a percentage of predicted reference values (PEF%).
2 hours
Dynamic Abdominal Endurance (60-Second Sit-Up Test)
Tijdsspanne: 2 hours
Dynamic muscular endurance of the abdominal wall will be evaluated using a timed sit-up protocol. From a supine position with knees flexed at 90° and hands crossed over the chest, participants will flex the trunk until the elbows touch the knees, then return to the baseline position. The total number of correctly executed repetitions completed within exactly 1 minute (reps) will be recorded.
2 hours
Change-of-Direction Speed and Agility (T-Drill Test)
Tijdsspanne: 2 hours
On-field agility and change-of-direction speed will be quantified using a standardized T-configuration cone course monitored by electronic timing gates. Participants will perform forward sprinting, lateral side-shuffling, and backpedaling maneuvers through the course. The fastest completion time out of three successful trials will be recorded in seconds (sec).
2 hours

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Istinye University

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

25 mei 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

5 juli 2026

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

10 juli 2026

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

23 mei 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

23 mei 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

1 juni 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

1 juni 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

23 mei 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 mei 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • 22

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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