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Effects of Combined Thoracic and Diaphragmatic Breathing on Cognitive and Psycho-Physiological Functions

The Effects of Combined Thoracic Expansion Exercises and Slow Diaphragmatic Breathing on Cognitive Function, Brain Activation, Psychological Status, and Head-Shoulder Posture in Healthy Adults

This study aims to investigate the effects of a combined thoracic expansion exercise (TEE) and slow diaphragmatic breathing (SDB) program on cognitive function, brain activation, psychological status, and head-shoulder posture in healthy young adults.

Studie Overzicht

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

60

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. age between 18 to 30 years with at least a high school education to ensure baseline cognitive task comprehension
  2. the ability to adhere to verbal instructions
  3. no regular participation in formal breathing exercise or mindfulness training within the past six months.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. a history of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, or cerebrovascular diseases which may interfere this study
  2. history of respiratory disease or recent respiratory infection
  3. diabetes mellitus with neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, or other neurological disorders
  4. major surgery within the past six months
  5. Current or past major psychiatric disorders or cognitive impairment
  6. use of medications significantly affecting cerebral hemodynamics or autonomic function (e.g., beta-blockers, vasodilators) within the past 2 weeks
  7. use of psychotropic medications or substances known to alter cerebral blood flow, neural activation, or autonomic regulation (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, stimulants, or sedative-hypnotics).

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Behandeling
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Enkel

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: rhythmic breathing exercise group
The rhythmic breathing exercise group will perform 10 minutes of thoracic expansion exercises followed by 15 minutes of progressive diaphragmatic breathing (4-s inhalation/6-s exhalation) to facilitate parasympathetic dominance.
4-week supervised training program, consisting of three 30-minute sessions per week. Thoracic expansion exercises consists of chest wall stretching and mobility drills. Followed by 15 minutes of progressive slow diaphragmatic breathing (4-s inhalation/6-s exhalation).
Sham-vergelijker: natural breathing exercise group
The natural breathing exercise group performed sham thoracic expansion exercises and sham slow diaphragmatic breathing
During sham TEE, participants perform comfortable thoracic movements without foam rollers or specific breathing coordination. During sham SDB, they maintain a spontaneous, natural respiratory rhythm in relaxed postures. Crucially, the sham protocol lacks the rhythmic pacing (4:6s), diaphragmatic depth cues, and resistance-based progression required to trigger the neuro-cognitive "respiratory-brain" axis.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Change from baseline in Working Memory
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)
Assessed by the 2-back task. The outcome is calculated as the change in accuracy (percentage of correct responses) and reaction time. Accuracy range from 0% to 100%. Higher accuracy and lower reaction time indicate better working memory capacity.
Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)
Change from baseline in Inhibitory Control
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)
Measured by the Stop-signal task (SST). The outcome is the change in Stop-Signal Reaction Time (SSRT) in milliseconds. SSRT values typically range from 100 to 500 milliseconds, with lower scores (faster reaction time) indicating better inhibitory control.
Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)
Change from baseline in Mental Set Shifting
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)
Assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The outcome include the number of categories achieved, perseverative errors and set-loss errors. Higher number of categories achieved, lower perseverative errors and set-loss errors indicate better cognitive flexibility and set-shifting ability.
Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)
Change from baseline in Short-Term Memory
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)
Assessed using the Corsi Block-Tapping Task. The outcome is Corsi span score. The Corsi span is defined as the longest sequence accurately reproduced by participants. Scores range from 0 to 9 blocks, with higher scores indicating better short-term memory capacity.
Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Change in Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)
HRV will be assessed as a non-invasive marker of autonomic nervous system (ANS) flexibility and neurovisceral integration, reflecting the dynamic regulation of the prefrontal-vagal pathway. Higher HRV serves as a physiological indicator of superior executive function and emotional regulation, whereas lower values are linked to autonomic dysregulation and cognitive fatigue. Data will be captured using a validated Polar H10 chest strap and the Elite HRV application for precise R-R interval detection. Outcome measurement include time-domain indices (SDNN, RMSSD), frequency-domain measures (HF, LF, and LF/HF ratio), and non-linear metrics (SD1, SD2). Increased RMSSD and HF power will be interpreted as enhanced parasympathetic modulation, providing the physiological foundation for improved attentional control and neural efficiency.
Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)
Change in Posture Alignment
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)
  1. Craniovertebral angle (CVA) Measured from a lateral-view in a relaxed standing position. Participants look forward and maintain a comfortable stance during image acquisition. The CVA is the angle between a line connecting the tragus of the ear to the C7 spinous process and a horizontal line passing through C7. A Smaller angle indicates more severe forward head posture.
  2. Acromion-to-table distance (ATD) While supine, the vertical distance between the posterior aspect of the acromion and the table surface is measured. A larger distance indicates increased rounded shoulder posture or thoracic kyphosis.
Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)
Change in Psychological status
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)
The Traditional Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) will be used to assess negative emotional states including depression, anxiety, and stress. DASS-21 contains 21 items, with 7 items assigned to each subscale. Participants rate their symptoms over the past week on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 ("did not apply to me at all") to 3 ("applied to me very much or most of the time") in each question. Subscale scores are obtained by summing the 7 items and multiply by two within each domain, with higher scores indicating greater severity of emotional distress.
Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)
Change in Brain Activation
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)
Brain activation in the prefrontal cortex, primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and premotor cortex during tasks is assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The specific metric reported is the change in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO). Higher HbO values indicate increased regional cerebral blood flow and higher brain activation.
Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Onderzoekers

  • Hoofdonderzoeker: Yan Ci Liu, School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University

Publicaties en nuttige links

De persoon die verantwoordelijk is voor het invoeren van informatie over het onderzoek stelt deze publicaties vrijwillig ter beschikking. Dit kan gaan over alles wat met het onderzoek te maken heeft.

Algemene publicaties

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

25 mei 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

1 februari 2027

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

1 februari 2027

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

11 mei 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

27 mei 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

2 juni 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

2 juni 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

27 mei 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 mei 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

ONBESLIST

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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