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Effects of Combined Thoracic and Diaphragmatic Breathing on Cognitive and Psycho-Physiological Functions

27. mai 2026 oppdatert av: National Taiwan University Clinical Trial Center

The Effects of Combined Thoracic Expansion Exercises and Slow Diaphragmatic Breathing on Cognitive Function, Brain Activation, Psychological Status, and Head-Shoulder Posture in Healthy Adults

This study aims to investigate the effects of a combined thoracic expansion exercise (TEE) and slow diaphragmatic breathing (SDB) program on cognitive function, brain activation, psychological status, and head-shoulder posture in healthy young adults.

Studieoversikt

Status

Har ikke rekruttert ennå

Forhold

Intervensjon / Behandling

Studietype

Intervensjonell

Registrering (Antatt)

60

Fase

  • Ikke aktuelt

Kontakter og plasseringer

Denne delen inneholder kontaktinformasjon for de som utfører studien, og informasjon om hvor denne studien blir utført.

Studiekontakt

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

  • Voksen

Tar imot friske frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. age between 18 to 30 years with at least a high school education to ensure baseline cognitive task comprehension
  2. the ability to adhere to verbal instructions
  3. no regular participation in formal breathing exercise or mindfulness training within the past six months.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. a history of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, or cerebrovascular diseases which may interfere this study
  2. history of respiratory disease or recent respiratory infection
  3. diabetes mellitus with neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, or other neurological disorders
  4. major surgery within the past six months
  5. Current or past major psychiatric disorders or cognitive impairment
  6. use of medications significantly affecting cerebral hemodynamics or autonomic function (e.g., beta-blockers, vasodilators) within the past 2 weeks
  7. use of psychotropic medications or substances known to alter cerebral blood flow, neural activation, or autonomic regulation (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, stimulants, or sedative-hypnotics).

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

  • Primært formål: Behandling
  • Tildeling: Randomisert
  • Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
  • Masking: Enkelt

Våpen og intervensjoner

Deltakergruppe / Arm
Intervensjon / Behandling
Eksperimentell: rhythmic breathing exercise group
The rhythmic breathing exercise group will perform 10 minutes of thoracic expansion exercises followed by 15 minutes of progressive diaphragmatic breathing (4-s inhalation/6-s exhalation) to facilitate parasympathetic dominance.
Annen: thoracic expansion exercises and slow diaphragmatic breathing
4-week supervised training program, consisting of three 30-minute sessions per week. Thoracic expansion exercises consists of chest wall stretching and mobility drills. Followed by 15 minutes of progressive slow diaphragmatic breathing (4-s inhalation/6-s exhalation).
Sham-komparator: natural breathing exercise group
The natural breathing exercise group performed sham thoracic expansion exercises and sham slow diaphragmatic breathing
Annen: Sham Block
During sham TEE, participants perform comfortable thoracic movements without foam rollers or specific breathing coordination. During sham SDB, they maintain a spontaneous, natural respiratory rhythm in relaxed postures. Crucially, the sham protocol lacks the rhythmic pacing (4:6s), diaphragmatic depth cues, and resistance-based progression required to trigger the neuro-cognitive "respiratory-brain" axis.

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change from baseline in Working Memory
Tidsramme: Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)
Assessed by the 2-back task. The outcome is calculated as the change in accuracy (percentage of correct responses) and reaction time. Accuracy range from 0% to 100%. Higher accuracy and lower reaction time indicate better working memory capacity.
Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)
Change from baseline in Inhibitory Control
Tidsramme: Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)
Measured by the Stop-signal task (SST). The outcome is the change in Stop-Signal Reaction Time (SSRT) in milliseconds. SSRT values typically range from 100 to 500 milliseconds, with lower scores (faster reaction time) indicating better inhibitory control.
Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)
Change from baseline in Mental Set Shifting
Tidsramme: Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)
Assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The outcome include the number of categories achieved, perseverative errors and set-loss errors. Higher number of categories achieved, lower perseverative errors and set-loss errors indicate better cognitive flexibility and set-shifting ability.
Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)
Change from baseline in Short-Term Memory
Tidsramme: Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)
Assessed using the Corsi Block-Tapping Task. The outcome is Corsi span score. The Corsi span is defined as the longest sequence accurately reproduced by participants. Scores range from 0 to 9 blocks, with higher scores indicating better short-term memory capacity.
Baseline, Week 5 (post-intervention)

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
Tidsramme: Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)
HRV will be assessed as a non-invasive marker of autonomic nervous system (ANS) flexibility and neurovisceral integration, reflecting the dynamic regulation of the prefrontal-vagal pathway. Higher HRV serves as a physiological indicator of superior executive function and emotional regulation, whereas lower values are linked to autonomic dysregulation and cognitive fatigue. Data will be captured using a validated Polar H10 chest strap and the Elite HRV application for precise R-R interval detection. Outcome measurement include time-domain indices (SDNN, RMSSD), frequency-domain measures (HF, LF, and LF/HF ratio), and non-linear metrics (SD1, SD2). Increased RMSSD and HF power will be interpreted as enhanced parasympathetic modulation, providing the physiological foundation for improved attentional control and neural efficiency.
Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)
Change in Posture Alignment
Tidsramme: Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)
  1. Craniovertebral angle (CVA) Measured from a lateral-view in a relaxed standing position. Participants look forward and maintain a comfortable stance during image acquisition. The CVA is the angle between a line connecting the tragus of the ear to the C7 spinous process and a horizontal line passing through C7. A Smaller angle indicates more severe forward head posture.
  2. Acromion-to-table distance (ATD) While supine, the vertical distance between the posterior aspect of the acromion and the table surface is measured. A larger distance indicates increased rounded shoulder posture or thoracic kyphosis.
Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)
Change in Psychological status
Tidsramme: Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)
The Traditional Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) will be used to assess negative emotional states including depression, anxiety, and stress. DASS-21 contains 21 items, with 7 items assigned to each subscale. Participants rate their symptoms over the past week on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 ("did not apply to me at all") to 3 ("applied to me very much or most of the time") in each question. Subscale scores are obtained by summing the 7 items and multiply by two within each domain, with higher scores indicating greater severity of emotional distress.
Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)
Change in Brain Activation
Tidsramme: Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)
Brain activation in the prefrontal cortex, primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and premotor cortex during tasks is assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The specific metric reported is the change in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO). Higher HbO values indicate increased regional cerebral blood flow and higher brain activation.
Baseline and Week 5 (post-intervention)

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

Det er her du vil finne personer og organisasjoner som er involvert i denne studien.

Sponsor

National Taiwan University Clinical Trial Center

Etterforskere

  • Hovedetterforsker: Yan Ci Liu, School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University

Publikasjoner og nyttige lenker

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Generelle publikasjoner

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Antatt)

25. mai 2026

Primær fullføring (Antatt)

1. februar 2027

Studiet fullført (Antatt)

1. februar 2027

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

11. mai 2026

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

27. mai 2026

Først lagt ut (Faktiske)

2. juni 2026

Oppdateringer av studieposter

Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)

2. juni 2026

Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

27. mai 2026

Sist bekreftet

1. mai 2026

Mer informasjon

Begreper knyttet til denne studien

Nøkkelord

Andre studie-ID-numre

  • 202603092RIN

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