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Validity and Reliability of Mixed Reality-Based Performance Tests in Overweight and Obese Adults

12 juni 2026 bijgewerkt door: Mehmet Kaan ALTUNOK, Selcuk University

Validity and Reliability of the Mixed Reality Adaptation of Performance Tests in Overweight and Obese Individuals

This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of mixed reality (MR)-based adaptations of functional mobility and performance tests developed using the Meta Quest 3 platform by comparing their outcomes with conventional clinical assessments. Virtual and mixed reality technologies have gained increasing attention in clinical measurement due to their potential advantages, including assessment standardization, enhanced user interaction, and automated data collection.

Previous studies have demonstrated that virtual reality-based performance assessments can provide high reliability and show meaningful associations with traditional clinical measures across different populations. However, visual and vestibular stimuli, depth perception, and changes in movement strategies may cause performance in virtual environments to differ from performance in conventional settings. Therefore, the validity and reliability of each virtual or mixed reality adaptation should be established within the target population.

Overweight and obese individuals exhibit biomechanical and physiological characteristics that may affect balance, gait mechanics, joint loading, and physical performance. Consequently, measurement properties established in other populations cannot be assumed to apply directly to overweight and obese individuals. In addition, factors related to head-mounted displays and motion-tracking systems may influence assessment outcomes.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of mixed reality-based performance tests developed using the Meta Quest 3 platform. Measurement error parameters will also be determined to assess the clinical applicability of these MR-based assessments.

The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of safe, standardized, digital, and potentially remote assessment approaches for evaluating functional performance in overweight and obese individuals. Furthermore, the results may strengthen the scientific evidence supporting the use of digital assessment technologies in clinical practice.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Werving

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Studietype

Observationeel

Inschrijving (Geschat)

119

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Studie Locaties

  • Turkije (Türkiye)
    • Selcuklu
      • Konya, Selcuklu, Turkije (Türkiye), 42130
        • Werving
        • Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
        • Contact:

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen
  • Oudere volwassene

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Bemonsteringsmethode

Niet-waarschijnlijkheidssteekproef

Studie Bevolking

Adults aged 18-65 years with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) who are able to ambulate independently and are eligible to participate in conventional and mixed reality-based functional mobility and performance assessments.

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m² (overweight or obesity),
  • Ability to ambulate independently,
  • Aged between 18 and 65 years,
  • Willingness to participate voluntarily in the study and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Use of anti-obesity medication,
  • Pregnancy,
  • Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA),
  • Chronic kidney disease,
  • Active or severe infections,
  • Liver failure,
  • Recent major cardiovascular events,
  • Unstable angina,
  • Heart failure classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III-IV,
  • Respiratory failure, cardiac arrhythmias, neoplastic diseases, or neurological or musculoskeletal disorders that may limit the safe performance of the tests.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

Cohorten en interventies

Groep / Cohort
Interventie / Behandeling
Overweight and Obese Individuals
Adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) who will undergo conventional and mixed reality-based assessments of functional mobility and performance, including the Timed Up and Go Test, 4-Meter Walk Test, and Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test. Additional assessments of knee extensor muscle strength and handgrip strength will be performed to evaluate convergent validity.
Ander: Mixed Reality-Based Functional Mobility and Performance Assessment
Participants will perform mixed reality-based adaptations of the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG-MR), 4-Meter Walk Test (4MW-MR), and Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test (5xSTS-MR) developed for the Meta Quest 3 platform. The mixed reality environment digitally replicates the conventional test setups and provides standardized visual guidance while allowing participants to interact safely with the real environment. Test outcomes will be automatically recorded by the system and compared with conventional clinical assessments to evaluate validity. The mixed reality-based tests will be repeated one week later to assess test-retest reliability.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test - Mixed Reality (5xSTS-MR)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and 1-week follow-up
Lower extremity functional performance will be assessed using a mixed reality-based adaptation of the Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test. Test duration will be recorded in seconds, with shorter times indicating better performance. Validity and reliability will be evaluated through comparison with the conventional Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test and repeated measurements.
Baseline and 1-week follow-up
Timed Up and Go Test - Mixed Reality (TUG-MR)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and 1-week follow-up
Functional mobility will be assessed using a mixed reality-based adaptation of the Timed Up and Go Test. Test completion time will be recorded in seconds, with shorter times indicating better functional mobility. Validity will be evaluated by comparison with the conventional Timed Up and Go Test, and reliability will be assessed using repeated measurements performed one week apart.
Baseline and 1-week follow-up
4-Meter Walk Test - Mixed Reality (4MW-MR)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and 1-week follow-up
Walking performance will be assessed using a mixed reality-based adaptation of the 4-Meter Walk Test. Walking speed will be calculated in meters per second (m/s), with higher values indicating better walking performance. Validity and reliability will be evaluated through comparison with the conventional 4-Meter Walk Test and repeated measurements.
Baseline and 1-week follow-up

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Participant Satisfaction
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Participant satisfaction with conventional and mixed reality-based assessments will be evaluated using a 10-point visual analog scale ranging from 1 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction.
Baseline
Timed Up and Go Test - Conventional
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
The conventional Timed Up and Go Test will be administered to assess functional mobility and will serve as a reference measure for validity analyses. Test completion time will be recorded in seconds, with shorter times indicating better functional mobility.
Baseline
Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test - Conventional
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
The conventional Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test will be used as a reference measure for validity analyses. Test completion time will be recorded in seconds, with shorter times indicating better lower extremity functional performance.
Baseline
Knee Extensor Muscle Strength
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Knee extensor muscle strength will be measured using a handheld digital dynamometer. Maximum voluntary contraction values will be recorded, with higher values indicating greater muscle strength. Outcomes will be analyzed for convergent validity with mixed reality-based test results.
Baseline
Handgrip Strength
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Handgrip strength will be assessed using a hand dynamometer. The highest value obtained from repeated trials will be recorded, with higher values indicating greater muscle strength. Outcomes will be analyzed for convergent validity with mixed reality-based test results.
Baseline
4-Meter Walk Test - Conventional
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Walking speed will be assessed using the conventional 4-Meter Walk Test and will serve as a reference measure for validity analyses. Walking speed will be reported in meters per second (m/s), with higher values indicating better walking performance.
Baseline

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Selcuk University

Onderzoekers

  • Studie stoel: Gülşah ÖZSOY, Assist. Prof. Dr., Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye
  • Studie stoel: Zehra KORKUT, Assist. Prof. Dr., Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye
  • Studie stoel: İsmail ÖZSOY, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye
  • Studie stoel: İhsan KODAK, Assist. Prof. Dr., Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir, Türkiye
  • Studie stoel: Yasemin GEDİKLİ ERTÜRK, PhD (c) in PT, Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye
  • Studie stoel: Selma Ö ÇELİKDELEN, Assist. Prof. Dr., Konya City Hospital
  • Studie stoel: Mehmet A GÜLER, PhD in PT, Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye

Publicaties en nuttige links

De persoon die verantwoordelijk is voor het invoeren van informatie over het onderzoek stelt deze publicaties vrijwillig ter beschikking. Dit kan gaan over alles wat met het onderzoek te maken heeft.

Algemene publicaties

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

10 juni 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

30 december 2026

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

10 mei 2027

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

12 juni 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

12 juni 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

17 juni 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

17 juni 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

12 juni 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 juni 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • SelcukU_PT_OBESITY_MR_ADAP1

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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