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Comparison of Immersive and Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease (VR-PD)

18 juni 2026 bijgewerkt door: Neuro Group XR Inc.

Differential Motor and Cognitive Responses to Two Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation Approaches in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Comparative Study

Parkinson's disease commonly affects walking ability, balance, mobility, and cognitive function, increasing the risk of falls and reducing independence. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising rehabilitation tool, but the potential differences between immersive and non-immersive VR approaches remain unclear.

This pilot randomized comparative study aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and preliminary effects of immersive virtual reality (IVR) and non-immersive virtual reality (NIVR) rehabilitation in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Participants will be assigned to either an immersive VR intervention using a head-mounted display or a non-immersive VR intervention using a tablet-based exergaming platform.

Both interventions will be delivered over six weeks and will target gait, balance, mobility, motor-cognitive interaction, and functional performance. Outcomes will include gait parameters, functional mobility, freezing of gait, cognitive function, adherence, and safety.

The findings will help determine whether different VR modalities produce distinct motor and cognitive responses and will inform the design of future larger clinical trials.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Voltooid

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairments such as gait dysfunction, postural instability, mobility limitations, and freezing of gait, as well as cognitive deficits affecting attention, executive function, and dual-task performance. These impairments contribute substantially to disability, fall risk, and reduced quality of life.

Virtual reality-based rehabilitation has emerged as a promising approach for delivering task-oriented, repetitive, and engaging interventions that simultaneously address motor and cognitive domains. However, immersive and non-immersive virtual reality systems differ substantially in their interaction characteristics, sensory feedback, and degree of user immersion, and their comparative effects in Parkinson's disease remain insufficiently understood.

The purpose of this pilot randomized comparative study is to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and preliminary clinical effects of immersive virtual reality (IVR) compared with non-immersive virtual reality (NIVR) rehabilitation in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Participants diagnosed with Parkinson's disease will be allocated to one of two intervention groups. The IVR group will receive rehabilitation using the KINESIX XR platform delivered through a head-mounted display with real-time motion tracking and three-dimensional interactive environments. The NIVR group will receive rehabilitation using the Active Arcade exergaming platform delivered on a tablet device. Both interventions will be supervised and delivered over a six-week period, consisting of ten treatment sessions in addition to baseline and post-intervention assessments.

Outcome measures will include spatiotemporal gait parameters, functional mobility, dual-task performance, turning ability, freezing of gait symptoms, cognitive function, adherence to treatment, and safety outcomes. Assessments will be conducted at baseline and immediately following completion of the intervention program.

The results of this study are expected to provide preliminary evidence regarding the differential motor and cognitive responses associated with immersive and non-immersive virtual reality rehabilitation and will support the development of future adequately powered clinical trials in Parkinson's disease rehabilitation.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Werkelijk)

16

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

  • Chili
      • La Serena, Chili
        • Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen
  • Oudere volwassene

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age between 45 and 75 years.
  • Diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
  • Hoehn and Yahr stage between 1.5 and 4.
  • Ability to walk independently or with an assistive device (cane or walker).
  • Low to moderate fall risk, defined as a Timed Up and Go (TUG) score <20 seconds.
  • Ability to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosis of other neurological or movement disorders.
  • Severe cognitive impairment, defined as a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score <18.
  • Severe visual impairment not correctable with lenses.
  • History of epilepsy.
  • Uncontrolled psychiatric disorders.
  • Previous deep brain stimulation.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Behandeling
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Enkel

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Immersive Virtual Reality Rehabilitation
Participants received immersive virtual reality-based rehabilitation using the KINESIX XR platform delivered through a head-mounted display. The intervention consisted of supervised sessions targeting gait, balance, mobility, motor function, and cognitive performance. Participants completed ten intervention sessions over a six-week period.
Apparaat: Immersive Virtual Reality
Participants received immersive virtual reality-based rehabilitation using the KINESIX XR platform delivered through a Meta Quest 3 head-mounted display. The system provided interactive motor and cognitive training through immersive virtual environments, with real-time visual and auditory feedback. Participants interacted with virtual tasks using natural body movements and hand tracking. The intervention targeted gait, balance, mobility, motor performance, and cognitive function. Treatment consisted of ten supervised sessions delivered over six weeks.
Andere namen:
  • Kinesix XR
  • Digital therapeutics
Actieve vergelijker: Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Rehabilitation
Participants received non-immersive virtual reality-based rehabilitation using the Active Arcade exergaming platform delivered on a tablet device. The intervention consisted of supervised sessions targeting gait, balance, mobility, motor function, and cognitive performance. Participants completed ten intervention sessions over a six-week period.
Apparaat: Non-Immersive Virtual Reality
Participants received non-immersive virtual reality-based rehabilitation using the Active Arcade exergaming platform delivered on a tablet device. The intervention included interactive game-based exercises designed to promote physical activity, mobility, balance, coordination, and cognitive engagement through screen-based interaction. Treatment consisted of ten supervised sessions delivered over six weeks.
Andere namen:
  • Exergame
  • Active Arcade

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Gait Speed
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Change in gait speed measured using the Baiobit wearable inertial sensor system (Rivelo, Italy) during walking assessments.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Cadence
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Change in cadence measured using the Baiobit inertial sensor system.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Adherence Rate
Tijdsspanne: Throughout the 6-week intervention period
Percentage of scheduled intervention sessions completed by participants.
Throughout the 6-week intervention period
Adverse Events
Tijdsspanne: Throughout the 6-week intervention period
Number and characteristics of adverse events recorded during the intervention period.
Throughout the 6-week intervention period
Step Lenght
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Change in step length measured using the Baiobit inertial sensor system.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Timed Up and Go Test
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Timed Up and Go Test (TUG): Change in time required to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn, return, and sit down. Scores range from 0 seconds to no defined maximum; lower values indicate better functional mobility and lower fall risk.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Rapid Turn Test
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Rapid Turn Test (RTT): Change in dynamic balance and turning ability assessed using the Rapid Turn Test. The test evaluates the time (seconds) and number of steps required to complete a full 360-degree turn. Lower values indicate better dynamic balance and turning performance. No defined minimum or maximum values exist.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Freezing of Gait Questionnaire
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q): Change in freezing-related symptoms measured using the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire. Total score ranges from 0 to 24 points, with higher scores indicating more severe freezing symptoms.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): Change in cognitive function measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Total score ranges from 0 to 30 points, with higher scores indicating better cognitive performance.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Dual-Task Timed Up and Go
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Dual-Task Timed Up and Go Test: Change in time required to complete the Timed Up and Go test while performing a concurrent cognitive task. Scores range from 0 seconds to no defined maximum; lower values indicate better dual-task performance and reduced motor-cognitive interference.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Neuro Group XR Inc.

Medewerkers

Universidad Santo Tomas

Onderzoekers

  • Hoofdonderzoeker: Valeria F Gálvez, MSc, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, La Serena, Chile

Publicaties en nuttige links

De persoon die verantwoordelijk is voor het invoeren van informatie over het onderzoek stelt deze publicaties vrijwillig ter beschikking. Dit kan gaan over alles wat met het onderzoek te maken heeft.

Algemene publicaties

Nuttige links

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

10 september 2025

Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)

27 september 2025

Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)

21 november 2025

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

15 juni 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

15 juni 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

22 juni 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

23 juni 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

18 juni 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 juni 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • Neuro Group XR Inc.

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

JA

Beschrijving IPD-plan

De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in this study will be available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

IPD-tijdsbestek voor delen

Data will be available beginning 6 months after publication of the primary study results and will remain available for 5 years thereafter.

IPD-toegangscriteria voor delen

The data that support the findings of this study are not publicly available because they contain information that could compromise participant privacy. De-identified individual participant data may be made available to qualified researchers upon reasonable request to the corresponding author for purposes of scientific research, subject to review and approval of the proposed use and execution of an appropriate data-sharing agreement.

IPD delen Ondersteunend informatietype

  • LEERPROTOCOOL

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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