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Comparison of Immersive and Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease (VR-PD)

18. juni 2026 opdateret af: Neuro Group XR Inc.

Differential Motor and Cognitive Responses to Two Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation Approaches in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Comparative Study

Parkinson's disease commonly affects walking ability, balance, mobility, and cognitive function, increasing the risk of falls and reducing independence. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising rehabilitation tool, but the potential differences between immersive and non-immersive VR approaches remain unclear.

This pilot randomized comparative study aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and preliminary effects of immersive virtual reality (IVR) and non-immersive virtual reality (NIVR) rehabilitation in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Participants will be assigned to either an immersive VR intervention using a head-mounted display or a non-immersive VR intervention using a tablet-based exergaming platform.

Both interventions will be delivered over six weeks and will target gait, balance, mobility, motor-cognitive interaction, and functional performance. Outcomes will include gait parameters, functional mobility, freezing of gait, cognitive function, adherence, and safety.

The findings will help determine whether different VR modalities produce distinct motor and cognitive responses and will inform the design of future larger clinical trials.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairments such as gait dysfunction, postural instability, mobility limitations, and freezing of gait, as well as cognitive deficits affecting attention, executive function, and dual-task performance. These impairments contribute substantially to disability, fall risk, and reduced quality of life.

Virtual reality-based rehabilitation has emerged as a promising approach for delivering task-oriented, repetitive, and engaging interventions that simultaneously address motor and cognitive domains. However, immersive and non-immersive virtual reality systems differ substantially in their interaction characteristics, sensory feedback, and degree of user immersion, and their comparative effects in Parkinson's disease remain insufficiently understood.

The purpose of this pilot randomized comparative study is to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and preliminary clinical effects of immersive virtual reality (IVR) compared with non-immersive virtual reality (NIVR) rehabilitation in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Participants diagnosed with Parkinson's disease will be allocated to one of two intervention groups. The IVR group will receive rehabilitation using the KINESIX XR platform delivered through a head-mounted display with real-time motion tracking and three-dimensional interactive environments. The NIVR group will receive rehabilitation using the Active Arcade exergaming platform delivered on a tablet device. Both interventions will be supervised and delivered over a six-week period, consisting of ten treatment sessions in addition to baseline and post-intervention assessments.

Outcome measures will include spatiotemporal gait parameters, functional mobility, dual-task performance, turning ability, freezing of gait symptoms, cognitive function, adherence to treatment, and safety outcomes. Assessments will be conducted at baseline and immediately following completion of the intervention program.

The results of this study are expected to provide preliminary evidence regarding the differential motor and cognitive responses associated with immersive and non-immersive virtual reality rehabilitation and will support the development of future adequately powered clinical trials in Parkinson's disease rehabilitation.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

16

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

  • Chile
      • La Serena, Chile
        • Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ingen

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age between 45 and 75 years.
  • Diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
  • Hoehn and Yahr stage between 1.5 and 4.
  • Ability to walk independently or with an assistive device (cane or walker).
  • Low to moderate fall risk, defined as a Timed Up and Go (TUG) score <20 seconds.
  • Ability to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosis of other neurological or movement disorders.
  • Severe cognitive impairment, defined as a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score <18.
  • Severe visual impairment not correctable with lenses.
  • History of epilepsy.
  • Uncontrolled psychiatric disorders.
  • Previous deep brain stimulation.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Behandling
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Enkelt

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Immersive Virtual Reality Rehabilitation
Participants received immersive virtual reality-based rehabilitation using the KINESIX XR platform delivered through a head-mounted display. The intervention consisted of supervised sessions targeting gait, balance, mobility, motor function, and cognitive performance. Participants completed ten intervention sessions over a six-week period.
Enhed: Immersive Virtual Reality
Participants received immersive virtual reality-based rehabilitation using the KINESIX XR platform delivered through a Meta Quest 3 head-mounted display. The system provided interactive motor and cognitive training through immersive virtual environments, with real-time visual and auditory feedback. Participants interacted with virtual tasks using natural body movements and hand tracking. The intervention targeted gait, balance, mobility, motor performance, and cognitive function. Treatment consisted of ten supervised sessions delivered over six weeks.
Andre navne:
  • Kinesix XR
  • Digital therapeutics
Aktiv komparator: Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Rehabilitation
Participants received non-immersive virtual reality-based rehabilitation using the Active Arcade exergaming platform delivered on a tablet device. The intervention consisted of supervised sessions targeting gait, balance, mobility, motor function, and cognitive performance. Participants completed ten intervention sessions over a six-week period.
Enhed: Non-Immersive Virtual Reality
Participants received non-immersive virtual reality-based rehabilitation using the Active Arcade exergaming platform delivered on a tablet device. The intervention included interactive game-based exercises designed to promote physical activity, mobility, balance, coordination, and cognitive engagement through screen-based interaction. Treatment consisted of ten supervised sessions delivered over six weeks.
Andre navne:
  • Exergame
  • Active Arcade

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Gait Speed
Tidsramme: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Change in gait speed measured using the Baiobit wearable inertial sensor system (Rivelo, Italy) during walking assessments.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Cadence
Tidsramme: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Change in cadence measured using the Baiobit inertial sensor system.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Adherence Rate
Tidsramme: Throughout the 6-week intervention period
Percentage of scheduled intervention sessions completed by participants.
Throughout the 6-week intervention period
Adverse Events
Tidsramme: Throughout the 6-week intervention period
Number and characteristics of adverse events recorded during the intervention period.
Throughout the 6-week intervention period
Step Lenght
Tidsramme: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Change in step length measured using the Baiobit inertial sensor system.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Timed Up and Go Test
Tidsramme: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Timed Up and Go Test (TUG): Change in time required to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn, return, and sit down. Scores range from 0 seconds to no defined maximum; lower values indicate better functional mobility and lower fall risk.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Rapid Turn Test
Tidsramme: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Rapid Turn Test (RTT): Change in dynamic balance and turning ability assessed using the Rapid Turn Test. The test evaluates the time (seconds) and number of steps required to complete a full 360-degree turn. Lower values indicate better dynamic balance and turning performance. No defined minimum or maximum values exist.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Freezing of Gait Questionnaire
Tidsramme: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q): Change in freezing-related symptoms measured using the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire. Total score ranges from 0 to 24 points, with higher scores indicating more severe freezing symptoms.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Tidsramme: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): Change in cognitive function measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Total score ranges from 0 to 30 points, with higher scores indicating better cognitive performance.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Dual-Task Timed Up and Go
Tidsramme: Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)
Dual-Task Timed Up and Go Test: Change in time required to complete the Timed Up and Go test while performing a concurrent cognitive task. Scores range from 0 seconds to no defined maximum; lower values indicate better dual-task performance and reduced motor-cognitive interference.
Baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks)

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Neuro Group XR Inc.

Samarbejdspartnere

Universidad Santo Tomas

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Valeria F Gálvez, MSc, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, La Serena, Chile

Publikationer og nyttige links

Den person, der er ansvarlig for at indtaste oplysninger om undersøgelsen, leverer frivilligt disse publikationer. Disse kan handle om alt relateret til undersøgelsen.

Generelle publikationer

Hjælpsomme links

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

10. september 2025

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

27. september 2025

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

21. november 2025

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

15. juni 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

15. juni 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

22. juni 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

23. juni 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

18. juni 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. juni 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • Neuro Group XR Inc.

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

JA

IPD-planbeskrivelse

De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in this study will be available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

IPD-delingstidsramme

Data will be available beginning 6 months after publication of the primary study results and will remain available for 5 years thereafter.

IPD-delingsadgangskriterier

The data that support the findings of this study are not publicly available because they contain information that could compromise participant privacy. De-identified individual participant data may be made available to qualified researchers upon reasonable request to the corresponding author for purposes of scientific research, subject to review and approval of the proposed use and execution of an appropriate data-sharing agreement.

IPD-deling Understøttende informationstype

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL

Lægemiddel- og udstyrsoplysninger, undersøgelsesdokumenter

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Studerer et amerikansk FDA-reguleret enhedsprodukt

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Disse oplysninger blev hentet direkte fra webstedet clinicaltrials.gov uden ændringer. Hvis du har nogen anmodninger om at ændre, fjerne eller opdatere dine undersøgelsesoplysninger, bedes du kontakte register@clinicaltrials.gov. Så snart en ændring er implementeret på clinicaltrials.gov, vil denne også blive opdateret automatisk på vores hjemmeside .

Kliniske forsøg med Parkinsons sygdom

Kliniske forsøg med Immersive Virtual Reality

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Narkotikainterventioner

CROs by country

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Betingelser

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Kosttilskud

Sponsor / samarbejdspartnere

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