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Effects of Taekwondo Match-Simulated Fatigue on Balance Performance in Female Athletes

14 september 2026 bijgewerkt door: Berkay Löklüoğlu

Effects of Taekwondo Match-Simulated Fatigue on Static and Dynamic Balance Performance in Female Athletes

Taekwondo is a high-intensity combat sport characterized by repeated explosive kicking actions and rapid changes in body position, requiring well-developed postural control to maintain technical performance and reduce injury risk. Although fatigue has been reported to impair balance performance, previous studies have primarily induced fatigue using non-specific laboratory protocols that do not adequately reflect the physiological and neuromuscular demands of taekwondo competition. Consequently, the effects of taekwondo-specific fatigue on static and dynamic balance performance remain insufficiently understood. The primary objective of this study will be to investigate the effects of a taekwondo match-simulated fatigue protocol on static and dynamic balance performance in female taekwondo athletes. Eighteen competitive female taekwondo athletes will participate in this single-group repeated-measures study. Following a familiarization session, participants will complete a standardized taekwondo match-simulated fatigue protocol consisting of three 2-minute rounds separated by 1-minute passive recovery periods, replicating the official Olympic competition format. Static and dynamic balance performance will be assessed before and immediately after the fatigue protocol using the Biodex Balance System (Biodex Medical Systems Inc., Shirley, NY, USA). Balance performance will be evaluated under static and dynamic testing conditions, and the Overall Stability Index, Anteroposterior Stability Index, and Mediolateral Stability Index will be recorded. The findings of this study are expected to improve understanding of the acute effects of sport-specific fatigue on postural control in female taekwondo athletes and may contribute to the development of evidence-based training and injury prevention strategies.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Voltooid

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Werkelijk)

20

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Female taekwondo athletes aged 18-20 years.
  • Regular participation in taekwondo training (minimum 3 sessions per week).
  • Minimum of 3 years of competitive taekwondo experience.
  • Free from musculoskeletal injury at the time of testing.
  • Willingness to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Any musculoskeletal injury within the previous 6 months.
  • Neurological, vestibular, or balance disorders.
  • Lower-extremity surgery within the previous 12 months.
  • Any medical condition preventing participation in maximal exercise.
  • Failure to complete the testing protocol

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Fundamentele wetenschap
  • Toewijzing: NVT
  • Interventioneel model: Opdracht voor een enkele groep
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Experimental research design
Female taekwondo athletes will complete a standardized taekwondo match-simulated fatigue protocol. Static and dynamic balance performance will be assessed immediately before and after the fatigue protocol during a single experimental session.
Gedragsmatig: Taekwondo Match-Simulated Fatigue Protocol
Participants will perform a standardized taekwondo match-simulated fatigue protocol designed to reproduce the physiological and neuromuscular demands of an official taekwondo match. Static and dynamic balance performance will be evaluated immediately before and after completion of the protocol.
Gedragsmatig: Static balance test
Static balance performance will be assessed using the Biodex Balance System (Biodex Medical Systems Inc., Shirley, NY, USA). Mean Overall Stability Index (OSI) score, mean Anteroposterior Stability Index (APSI) score, and mean Mediolateral Stability Index (MLSI) score will be calculated automatically by the system. The static balance condition will be combined with an eyes-closed stance with the platform locked at a static level (a fixed support); this condition will designed to reflect support-fixed, vision-deprived postural control, where the participant must maintain postural stability without visual cues on a stable surface.
Gedragsmatig: Dynamic balance test
Dynamic balance performance will be assessed using the Biodex Balance System (Biodex Medical Systems Inc., Shirley, NY, USA). Mean Overall Stability Index (OSI) score, mean Anteroposterior Stability Index (APSI) score, and mean Mediolateral Stability Index (MLSI) score will be calculated automatically by the system. The dynamic balance condition combines an eyes-open stance with the platform stability set to level 5 (an unstable platform that requires active postural adjustments). This condition will be designed to reflect visually guided, mechanically unstable postural control, where the participant must rely on real-time visual feedback to compensate for continuous platform tilt.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Mean Overall Stability Index (OSI) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and immediately after the taekwondo match-simulated fatigue protocol.
The Mean Overall Stability Index Score is the arithmetic mean of Overall Stability Index values automatically calculated by the Biodex system at the end of each 20-second single-leg stance trial. This index is a unitless score representing the standard deviation of platform tilt about both the anteroposterior and mediolateral axes combined; it reflects composite postural sway during the trial. Each participant completed the trial barefoot on her dominant lower extremity, under two within-subject conditions: (i) dynamic balance (eyes-open stance with the Biodex platform stability set to level 5), and (ii) static balance (eyes-closed stance with the platform locked at a static level). The index is a unitless score representing the standard deviation of platform tilt about the corresponding axis; the theoretical minimum score is 0, which represents perfect postural stability. There is no fixed theoretical upper limit of these indices. Higher scores indicate poorer balance performance.
Baseline and immediately after the taekwondo match-simulated fatigue protocol.
Mean Mediolateral Stability Index (MLSI) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and immediately after the taekwondo match-simulated fatigue protocol.
The Mean Mediolateral Stability Index Score is the arithmetic mean of Mediolateral Stability Index values automatically calculated by the Biodex Balance System at the end of each 20-second single-leg stance trial. This index is a unitless score representing the standard deviation of platform tilt about the frontal axis only; it reflects mediolateral sway and is associated with hip-abductor-driven postural control. Each participant will complete the trial barefoot on her dominant lower extremity (the foot preferred for kicking a ball) under two within-subject conditions: (i) dynamic balance (eyes-open stance with the Biodex platform stability set to level 5), and (ii) static balance (eyes-closed stance with the platform locked at a static level). Theoretically, this index has a minimum value of 0, which represents perfect postural stability; there is no fixed theoretical upper limit. Higher scores indicate poorer balance performance.
Baseline and immediately after the taekwondo match-simulated fatigue protocol.
Mean Anterior-Posterior Stability Index (APSI) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and immediately after the taekwondo match-simulated fatigue protocol.
The Mean Anterior-Posterior Stability Index Score is the arithmetic mean of Anterior-Posterior Stability Index values automatically calculated by the Biodex system at the end of each 20-second single-leg stance trial. This index is a unitless score representing the standard deviation of platform tilt about the sagittal axis only; it reflects anteroposterior sway and is associated with the ankle strategy of postural control. Each participant will complete the trial barefoot on her dominant lower extremity (the foot preferred for kicking a ball) under two within-subject conditions: (i) dynamic balance (eyes-open stance with the Biodex platform stability set to level 5), and (ii) static balance (eyes-closed stance with the platform locked at a static level). Theoretically, this index has a minimum value of 0, which represents perfect postural stability; there is no fixed theoretical upper limit. Higher scores indicate poorer balance performance.
Baseline and immediately after the taekwondo match-simulated fatigue protocol.

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Mean Age
Tijdsspanne: Only baseline.
The mean chronological age of participants at the time of enrollment will be reported in years. Age will be derived from each participant's official identification date of birth and the calendar date of the first balance testing session. It will be used solely as a descriptive baseline demographic variable.
Only baseline.
Mean Body Mass Index
Tijdsspanne: Only baseline.
Mean Body Mass Index is the arithmetic mean of participant-level BMI values aggregated from body mass (kg) and height (m) according to the standard formula BMI = body mass (kg) / height² (m²). Body mass will be measured in kilograms and standing height in centimeters by a single trained experimenter during the enrollment session. Each participant-level BMI is therefore a single aggregated value derived from two distinct unit-of-measure measurements; height (centimeters) and body mass (kilograms) are not reported separately. It will be used solely as a descriptive baseline demographic variable.
Only baseline.

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Berkay Löklüoğlu

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

1 juni 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)

1 juli 2026

Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)

1 augustus 2026

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

25 juli 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

30 juli 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

5 augustus 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

17 september 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

14 september 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 augustus 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • 279

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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