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Mathematical Modeling of Blood Sugar and Hormone Responses in Insulin-Dependent Type 2 Diabetes (MT2D)

12. juni 2026 oppdatert av: Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Illinois Institute of Technology

Mathematical Modeling of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

This observational study aims to collect detailed metabolic and physiologic data from adults with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus following consumption of a mixed meal tolerance test. Participants will undergo frequent blood sampling over a 4-hour period after consuming a standardized liquid mixed meal to measure glucose, insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, and triglyceride responses. Participants will also use continuous glucose monitoring and wearable physical activity tracking devices during free-living conditions.

The purpose of this study is to develop mathematical models and digital representations ("digital twins") of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These models may help researchers better understand metabolic responses to meals, physical activity, and diabetes treatments, and may support future development of personalized diabetes technologies and therapies.

Studieoversikt

Status

Rekruttering

Forhold

Detaljert beskrivelse

Participants will first complete a screening visit at the Clinical Nutrition Research Center (CNRC) at the Illinois Institute of Technology. Screening procedures include assessment of medical history, dietary habits, physical activity history, body measurements, vital signs, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and evaluation of eligibility criteria. Eligible participants will receive a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and wearable activity tracker and will complete dietary recall assessments during the outpatient monitoring period.

Participants will undergo approximately 8 days of outpatient monitoring using continuous glucose monitoring and wearable physical activity tracking devices during free-living conditions. During this period, participants will continue their usual diabetes management and daily activities while recording dietary intake and medication use.

Participants will then complete an in-clinic Liquid Meal Test (LMT) visit following an overnight fast. During the study-day visit, an indwelling intravenous catheter will be placed for repeated venous blood collection. Blood samples will be collected before and over a 4-hour period after consumption of a standardized liquid meal consisting of vanilla-flavored Ensure®. Plasma measurements will include glucose, insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, and triglycerides. Participants will remain seated and monitored throughout the study visit, and safety assessments will be performed before discharge.

The information collected from continuous glucose monitoring, wearable activity tracking, dietary assessments, and repeated blood sampling will be used to develop mathematical models capable of simulating physiologic and metabolic responses in individuals with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus. These models may contribute to future research focused on personalized diabetes management, optimization of therapeutic strategies, and evaluation of diabetes technologies.

Studietype

Observasjonsmessig

Registrering (Antatt)

25

Kontakter og plasseringer

Denne delen inneholder kontaktinformasjon for de som utfører studien, og informasjon om hvor denne studien blir utført.

Studiekontakt

Studiesteder

  • Forente stater
    • Illinois
      • Chicago, Illinois, Forente stater, 60616
        • Rekruttering
        • Illinois Institute of Technology
        • Ta kontakt med:
        • Hovedetterforsker:
          • Indika Edirisinghe, PhD

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

  • Voksen
  • Eldre voksen

Tar imot friske frivillige

Nei

Prøvetakingsmetode

Ikke-sannsynlighetsprøve

Studiepopulasjon

Adults 18 to 65 years of age with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus will be recruited from the Illinois Institute of Technology Clinical Nutrition Research Center proprietary database, online advertisements, social media, community outreach, and local flyers. Eligible participants must be willing to undergo continuous glucose monitoring, wearable activity tracking, dietary assessment, overnight fasting, repeated blood collection, and a liquid meal tolerance test.

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Men or women, 18-65 years of age
  • Diagnosed with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus HbA1c ≥ 6.5% at screening
  • Current insulin therapy for ≥ 6 months prior to screening
  • Nonsmokers (past smokers can be allowed if they have abstained for a minimum of 12 months)
  • Judged to be in good health based on medical history (i.e., no clinical evidence of cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, or hepatic disease)
  • Able to provide informed consent
  • Able to comply with and perform the procedures requested by the protocol (including dietary restrictions, consumption of study foods, records of food diary, sample collection procedures, and study visit schedule)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Men and women with known or suspected intolerance, allergies, or hypersensitivity to study foods
  • Men and women with low hemoglobin (Hgb) levels below 9.5 g/dL at the screening visit, indicating anemia
  • Men and women with blood pressure >160 mmHg (systolic) / 100 mmHg (diastolic) at the screening visit
  • Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study
  • Major trauma or a surgical event within 2 months (or longer depending on trauma or event) and after consultation with PI.
  • Vegan or other extreme dietary regimens (e.g., Atkins diet, etc.) as judged by the investigator
  • History of an eating disorder (e.g., anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating) diagnosed by a health professional
  • Donated blood within the last 3 months
  • Unstable weight: gained or lost weight +/- 5 kg (11 lbs) in previous 2 months
  • Unusual working hours i.e., working overnight (e.g. 3rd shift)

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

Kohorter og intervensjoner

Gruppe / Kohort
Adults With Insulin-Dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Adults 18 to 65 years of age with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus who will undergo a liquid meal tolerance test with frequent blood sampling over 4 hours following consumption of a standardized liquid meal. Participants will also undergo outpatient continuous glucose monitoring and wearable physical activity tracking during free-living conditions to support mathematical modeling of metabolic and physiologic responses.

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Plasma Glucose Concentration (mg/dL)
Tidsramme: -10 to 240 minutes relative to meal consumption
Plasma glucose concentrations will be measured from venous blood samples collected at baseline and multiple postprandial time points using a clinical chemistry analyzer (Randox). Unit of Measure: mg/dL
-10 to 240 minutes relative to meal consumption
Change in Plasma Insulin Concentration (µIU/mL)
Tidsramme: -10 to 240 minutes relative to meal consumption
Plasma insulin concentrations will be measured from venous blood samples collected at baseline and multiple postprandial time points using a clinical chemistry analyzer (Randox). Unit of Measure: (µIU/mL)
-10 to 240 minutes relative to meal consumption
Change in Plasma Glucagon Concentration (pg/mL)
Tidsramme: -10 to 240 minutes relative to meal consumption
Plasma glucagon concentrations will be measured from venous blood samples collected at baseline and multiple postprandial time points using a multiplex immunoassay platform (Luminex). Unit of Measure: pg/mL
-10 to 240 minutes relative to meal consumption
Change in Plasma C-Peptide Concentration (ng/mL)
Tidsramme: -10 to 240 minutes relative to meal consumption

Plasma C-peptide concentrations will be measured from venous blood samples collected at baseline and multiple postprandial time points using a multiplex immunoassay platform (Luminex).

Unit of Measure: ng/mL
-10 to 240 minutes relative to meal consumption
Change in Plasma Triglyceride Concentration (mg/dL)
Tidsramme: -10 to 240 minutes relative to meal consumption

Plasma triglyceride concentrations will be measured from venous blood samples collected at baseline and multiple postprandial time points using a clinical chemistry analyzer (Randox).

Unit of Measure: mg/dL
-10 to 240 minutes relative to meal consumption
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics During Free-Living Conditions
Tidsramme: Approximately 8 days during outpatient monitoring

Interstitial Glucose Concentration during Free-Living Conditions via Continuous Glucose Monitor Description: Interstitial glucose concentration measured continuously during outpatient free-living conditions using the Dexcom G7 continuous glucose monitoring device.

Unit of Measure: mg/dL
Approximately 8 days during outpatient monitoring
Average Daily Step Count (steps/day)
Tidsramme: Approximately 8 days during outpatient monitoring.
Average daily step count, reported in steps per day, measured during outpatient free-living conditions using the Fitbit Sense 2 wearable activity tracker.
Approximately 8 days during outpatient monitoring.
Average Daily Active Minutes (minutes/day)
Tidsramme: Approximately 8 days during outpatient monitoring.
Average daily active minutes, reported in minutes per day, measured during outpatient free-living conditions using the Fitbit Sense 2 wearable activity tracker.
Approximately 8 days during outpatient monitoring.
Average Daily Sleep Duration (hours/night)
Tidsramme: Approximately 8 days during outpatient monitoring.
Average sleep duration, reported in hours per night, measured during outpatient free-living conditions using the Fitbit Sense 2 wearable activity tracker.
Approximately 8 days during outpatient monitoring.
Average Resting Heart Rate (beats/minute)
Tidsramme: Approximately 8 days during outpatient monitoring.
Average resting heart rate, reported in beats per minute (bpm), measured during outpatient free-living conditions using the Fitbit Sense 2 wearable activity tracker.
Approximately 8 days during outpatient monitoring.

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Dietary Intake Assessment Using ASA24 Dietary Recall
Tidsramme: Approximately 8 days during outpatient monitoring
To assess dietary intake and nutritional patterns using self-reported ASA24 dietary recall assessments during the outpatient monitoring period.
Approximately 8 days during outpatient monitoring

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

Det er her du vil finne personer og organisasjoner som er involvert i denne studien.

Sponsor

Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Illinois Institute of Technology

Etterforskere

  • Hovedetterforsker: Indika Edirisinghe, Ph.D, Illinois Institute of Technology

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

20. mai 2026

Primær fullføring (Antatt)

20. oktober 2026

Studiet fullført (Antatt)

20. mars 2027

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

29. mai 2026

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

12. juni 2026

Først lagt ut (Faktiske)

16. juni 2026

Oppdateringer av studieposter

Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)

16. juni 2026

Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

12. juni 2026

Sist bekreftet

1. juni 2026

Mer informasjon

Begreper knyttet til denne studien

Nøkkelord

Ytterligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre studie-ID-numre

  • IRB-2026-33

Plan for individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)

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