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Validity and Reliability of a Mixed Reality-Based 6-Minute Walk Test

15 maja 2026 zaktualizowane przez: Mehmet Kaan ALTUNOK, Selcuk University

Validity and Reliability of a Mixed Reality-Based Adaptation of the 6-Minute Walk Test in Asymptomatic Adults

The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is a widely used field test for assessing functional exercise capacity, walking endurance, and submaximal performance related to activities of daily living. However, in conventional applications, environmental conditions, observer-related differences, and standardization issues may lead to variability in measurement outcomes. In addition, evaluating only the total walking distance may not adequately reflect clinically important changes such as performance decline and walking-related motor fatigue occurring during the test.

For this reason, recent studies have recommended analyzing 6MWT data by dividing the test into minute-by-minute segments and using performance change metrics such as the Distance Walked Index (DWI). These approaches allow a more detailed evaluation of changes in walking performance throughout the test duration.

With advances in measurement technologies, mixed reality (MR)-based applications have attracted attention as a means of enabling more objective, standardized, and reproducible implementation of conventional clinical tests. MR technology allows users to maintain interaction with the real environment while receiving digital guidance and feedback, thereby providing a safe and standardized assessment setting. Nevertheless, evidence regarding the validity and reliability of mixed reality-based adaptations of the 6MWT, particularly in asymptomatic adults, remains limited.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the criterion validity and test-retest reliability of a mixed reality-based 6-Minute Walk Test (MR-6MWT) developed using the Meta Quest 3 and Unity platform. In addition, convergent validity will be examined by analyzing the relationships between total walking distance, minute-by-minute performance changes, fatigue effect (%), and outcomes of the 4-Meter Walk Test, Timed Up and Go Test, and knee extensor muscle strength.

The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of a more objective, standardized, and digitally based mixed reality adaptation of the 6MWT. Furthermore, the results may provide a scientific foundation for future remote assessment and digital monitoring applications.

Przegląd badań

Typ studiów

Obserwacyjny

Zapisy (Szacowany)

200

Kontakty i lokalizacje

Ta sekcja zawiera dane kontaktowe osób prowadzących badanie oraz informacje o tym, gdzie badanie jest przeprowadzane.

Kontakt w sprawie studiów

Lokalizacje studiów

    • Selcuklu
      • Konya, Selcuklu, Turcja (Türkiye), 42130
        • Rekrutacyjny
        • Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
        • Kontakt:

Kryteria uczestnictwa

Badacze szukają osób, które pasują do określonego opisu, zwanego kryteriami kwalifikacyjnymi. Niektóre przykłady tych kryteriów to ogólny stan zdrowia danej osoby lub wcześniejsze leczenie.

Kryteria kwalifikacji

Wiek uprawniający do nauki

  • Dorosły
  • Starszy dorosły

Akceptuje zdrowych ochotników

Tak

Metoda próbkowania

Próbka bez prawdopodobieństwa

Badana populacja

Asymptomatic adults aged 18-65 years who are able to ambulate independently and tolerate mixed reality applications, with no known cardiopulmonary, neurological, or musculoskeletal conditions affecting walking performance or functional exercise capacity.

Opis

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged between 18 and 65 years,
  • Asymptomatic, with no known or active cardiopulmonary, neurological, or musculoskeletal disease-related symptoms,
  • Ability to ambulate independently without the use of an assistive device,
  • Visual, auditory, and vestibular functions sufficient to tolerate mixed reality applications,
  • Cognitive ability sufficient to understand and follow test instructions,
  • Ability to read, understand, and follow instructions in Turkish,
  • Willingness to participate voluntarily in the study and provision of written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Inability to safely complete walking tests due to serious musculoskeletal conditions (e.g., recent fracture, severe arthritis, advanced osteoarthritis, significant muscle or tendon injury),
  • Presence of severe cardiopulmonary disease or any medical condition that may pose a risk during exercise testing (e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, heart failure, severe arrhythmia history, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease),
  • High risk of balance loss or spatial disorientation in the mixed reality environment due to vestibular, visual, or auditory impairments,
  • History of epilepsy or neurological conditions contraindicating mixed reality or head-mounted device use,
  • Severe migraine, significant motion sickness history, or high risk of dizziness/nausea during mixed reality applications,
  • Cognitive impairment or severe psychiatric conditions preventing understanding or completion of test procedures,
  • Insufficient motivation or cooperation that may interfere with safe participation in the study.

Plan studiów

Ta sekcja zawiera szczegółowe informacje na temat planu badania, w tym sposób zaprojektowania badania i jego pomiary.

Jak projektuje się badanie?

Szczegóły projektu

Kohorty i interwencje

Grupa / Kohorta
Interwencja / Leczenie
Asymptomatic Adults
Asymptomatic adults aged 18-65 years undergoing conventional and mixed reality-based 6-Minute Walk Test assessments to evaluate criterion validity, test-retest reliability, fatigue-related performance changes, and associations with functional mobility and lower extremity muscle strength.
Participants will perform a mixed reality-based adaptation of the 6-Minute Walk Test (MR-6MWT) developed using the Meta Quest 3 headset and Unity platform. The mixed reality environment provides standardized visual guidance and virtual markers while allowing participants to safely walk in the real environment. During both conventional and MR-based assessments, walking distance, physiological responses, perceived exertion, and fatigue-related performance changes will be recorded. The MR-6MWT will be repeated one week later to evaluate test-retest reliability and compared with the conventional 6-Minute Walk Test to assess criterion validity.

Co mierzy badanie?

Podstawowe miary wyniku

Miara wyniku
Opis środka
Ramy czasowe
6-Minute Walk Distance - Mixed Reality (MR-6MWT)
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and 1-week follow-up
Walking distance during the mixed reality-based 6-Minute Walk Test (MR-6MWT) will be measured in meters to assess functional exercise capacity and walking endurance. Criterion validity will be evaluated by comparison with the conventional 6-Minute Walk Test, and test-retest reliability will be assessed using repeated measurements performed one week apart.
Baseline and 1-week follow-up
Fatigue Effect During the Mixed Reality-Based 6-Minute Walk Test
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and 1-week follow-up
Fatigue effect (%) during the MR-6MWT will be calculated using the percentage change between walking speeds measured during the first minute (0-1 min) and the last minute (5-6 min) of the test. Higher values indicate greater performance decline during walking. Validity and reliability will be evaluated through repeated assessments and comparison with the conventional 6-Minute Walk Test.
Baseline and 1-week follow-up

Miary wyników drugorzędnych

Miara wyniku
Opis środka
Ramy czasowe
6-Minute Walk Distance - Conventional 6-Minute Walk Test
Ramy czasowe: Baseline
Walking distance measured during the conventional 6-Minute Walk Test will be used as a reference measure for criterion validity analyses. Greater walking distance indicates better functional exercise capacity.
Baseline
Fatigue Effect During the Conventional 6-Minute Walk Test
Ramy czasowe: Baseline
Fatigue effect (%) during the conventional 6-Minute Walk Test will be calculated from the percentage change in walking speed between the first and last minutes of the test. Higher values indicate greater walking-related performance decline.
Baseline
Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)
Ramy czasowe: Baseline
Functional mobility will be assessed using the Timed Up and Go test. Test completion time will be recorded in seconds, with shorter times indicating better functional mobility. TUG outcomes will be analyzed for convergent validity with MR-6MWT parameters.
Baseline
4-Meter Walk Test (4MWT)
Ramy czasowe: Baseline
Walking speed will be assessed using the 4-Meter Walk Test. Walking speed will be calculated in meters per second (m/s), with higher values indicating better walking performance. Results will be analyzed for convergent validity with MR-6MWT outcomes.
Baseline
Knee Extensor Muscle Strength
Ramy czasowe: Baseline
Knee extensor muscle strength will be measured using a handheld digital dynamometer. Maximum voluntary contraction values will be recorded, with higher values indicating greater muscle strength. Outcomes will be analyzed for convergent validity with MR-6MWT parameters.
Baseline
Participant Satisfaction
Ramy czasowe: Baseline
Participant satisfaction with conventional and mixed reality-based assessments will be evaluated using a 10-point visual analog scale ranging from 1 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction.
Baseline

Współpracownicy i badacze

Tutaj znajdziesz osoby i organizacje zaangażowane w to badanie.

Śledczy

  • Krzesło do nauki: Gülşah ÖZSOY, Assist. Prof. Dr., Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye
  • Krzesło do nauki: Zehra KORKUT, Assist. Prof. Dr., Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye
  • Krzesło do nauki: İsmail ÖZSOY, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye
  • Krzesło do nauki: Mehmet A GÜLER, PhD, Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye
  • Krzesło do nauki: Yasemin GEDİKLİ ERTÜRK, MSc. in PT, Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye
  • Krzesło do nauki: Murat T İNANÇ, Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye
  • Krzesło do nauki: İhsan KODAK, Assist. Prof. Dr., Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir, Türkiye

Publikacje i pomocne linki

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Publikacje ogólne

Daty zapisu na studia

Daty te śledzą postęp w przesyłaniu rekordów badań i podsumowań wyników do ClinicalTrials.gov. Zapisy badań i zgłoszone wyniki są przeglądane przez National Library of Medicine (NLM), aby upewnić się, że spełniają określone standardy kontroli jakości, zanim zostaną opublikowane na publicznej stronie internetowej.

Główne daty studiów

Rozpoczęcie studiów (Rzeczywisty)

1 lutego 2026

Zakończenie podstawowe (Szacowany)

30 listopada 2026

Ukończenie studiów (Szacowany)

1 stycznia 2027

Daty rejestracji na studia

Pierwszy przesłany

15 maja 2026

Pierwszy przesłany, który spełnia kryteria kontroli jakości

15 maja 2026

Pierwszy wysłany (Rzeczywisty)

22 maja 2026

Aktualizacje rekordów badań

Ostatnia wysłana aktualizacja (Rzeczywisty)

22 maja 2026

Ostatnia przesłana aktualizacja, która spełniała kryteria kontroli jakości

15 maja 2026

Ostatnia weryfikacja

1 maja 2026

Więcej informacji

Terminy związane z tym badaniem

Plan dla danych uczestnika indywidualnego (IPD)

Planujesz udostępniać dane poszczególnych uczestników (IPD)?

NIE

Informacje o lekach i urządzeniach, dokumenty badawcze

Bada produkt leczniczy regulowany przez amerykańską FDA

Nie

Bada produkt urządzenia regulowany przez amerykańską FDA

Nie

Te informacje zostały pobrane bezpośrednio ze strony internetowej clinicaltrials.gov bez żadnych zmian. Jeśli chcesz zmienić, usunąć lub zaktualizować dane swojego badania, skontaktuj się z register@clinicaltrials.gov. Gdy tylko zmiana zostanie wprowadzona na stronie clinicaltrials.gov, zostanie ona automatycznie zaktualizowana również na naszej stronie internetowej .

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