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Primary Versus Delayed Wound Closure in Complicated Appendectomy (The HIEDI-Yemen Trial) (HIEDI-Yemen)

2 de julho de 2026 atualizado por: Haitham Mohammed Jowah, Sana'a University

A Comparative Study of Primary Versus Delayed Wound Closure Using the High-Efficiency Incision and Drainage With Irrigation (HIEDI) Technique to Minimize Surgical Site Infection (SSI) Risk in Patients Undergoing Complicated Appendectomy

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare primary wound closure (PC) versus delayed primary closure (DPC) after standardized wound decontamination using the High-Efficiency Incision and Drainage with Irrigation (HIEDI) technique in patients undergoing open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis in Sana'a, Yemen.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

  • Does primary closure with HIEDI result in a non-inferior or lower incidence of Surgical Site Infection (SSI) at 30 days compared with delayed primary closure with HIEDI?
  • Does primary closure with HIEDI reduce length of hospital stay and improve the trajectory of objective wound healing compared with delayed primary closure with HIEDI?
  • What is the impact of each closure method on patient satisfaction and health-related quality of life?

Researchers will compare the two groups to determine the optimal, evidence-based standard of care for wound management in complicated appendicitis within a resource-limited setting.

Participants will:

  • Undergo open appendectomy for intraoperatively confirmed complicated appendicitis (perforation or gangrene).
  • Receive standardized HIEDI wound decontamination (meticulous debridement and pulsatile irrigation with minimum 500 mL povidone-iodine 1:10 solution).
  • Be randomly allocated to either primary closure (all layers closed at surgery) or delayed primary closure (skin/subcutaneous tissue left open and closed 3-5 days later).
  • Attend follow-up visits at days 7, 14, and 30 for wound assessment, infection surveillance, and outcome evaluation.

Visão geral do estudo

Descrição detalhada

Complicated appendicitis (perforation or gangrene) is a significant cause of postoperative morbidity worldwide. Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is the most common complication, with reported rates exceeding 30% in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Sana'a, Yemen, local data from Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital documented a 27.5% SSI rate specifically in this patient population. The optimal wound closure strategy-primary closure (PC) versus delayed primary closure (DPC)-remains debated, with previous studies yielding conflicting results largely due to lack of standardized intraoperative wound decontamination.

The High-Efficiency Incision and Drainage with Irrigation (HIEDI) technique is a standardized, aggressive decontamination protocol combining meticulous debridement of wound edges with pulsatile high-pressure irrigation using a minimum of 500 mL of povidone-iodine solution (1:10 dilution). By applying HIEDI uniformly to both study arms, this trial isolates the effect of closure timing on SSI risk.

This is a prospective, multicenter, parallel-group, 1:1 randomized controlled superiority trial with blinded outcome assessment, conducted at three tertiary care hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen. The findings will provide high-level, locally generated evidence to establish a safe, resource-conscious standard of care for Yemen and similar settings.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Estimado)

200

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Contato de estudo

  • Nome: Dr. Abdulla Salem Faraj, M.D.
  • Número de telefone: +967770378499
  • E-mail: a770378499@gmail.com

Estude backup de contato

  • Nome: Dr. Yasser Abdurabo Obadiel, Associate Professor
  • Número de telefone: +967770378499
  • E-mail: Yasser.Obadiel@su.edu.ye

Locais de estudo

      • Sanaa, Iémen
        • Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital
        • Contato:
        • Contato:
        • Investigador principal:
          • Dr. Abdulla Salem Faraj, M.D.
      • Sanaa, Iémen
        • Al-Gumhori Teaching Hospital
        • Contato:
        • Contato:
        • Investigador principal:
          • Dr. Abdulla Salem Faraj, M.D.
      • Sanaa, Iémen
        • Al-Kuwaint University Hospital
        • Contato:
        • Contato:
        • Investigador principal:
          • Dr. Abdulla Salem Faraj, M.D.

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

  • Filho
  • Adulto
  • Adulto mais velho

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Não

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 12 years and older
  • Intraoperative diagnosis of complicated appendicitis (perforation or gangrene)
  • Undergoing open appendectomy via McBurney or Rocky-Davis incision
  • Ability to provide written informed consent (patient or legal guardian for minors)
  • Availability for 30-day follow-up

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Generalized peritonitis requiring midline laparotomy
  • Immunocompromised status (e.g., chronic corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy, diagnosed HIV infection)
  • Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (Hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] greater than 8%)
  • Pregnancy
  • Concurrent malignancy
  • American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification IV or V
  • Laparoscopic appendectomy

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Tratamento
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
  • Mascaramento: Solteiro

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Experimental: Primary Closure with HIEDI
Participants undergo open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis followed by the High-Efficiency Incision and Drainage with Irrigation (HIEDI) protocol. All wound layers including skin are closed at the time of initial surgery using the Primary Closure (PC) technique. Target enrollment: 100 participants.
Following open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis, the surgical wound undergoes the High-Efficiency Incision and Drainage with Irrigation (HIEDI) protocol: meticulous debridement of wound edges and pulsatile high-pressure irrigation with a minimum of 500 mL of povidone-iodine solution (1:10 dilution). All layers of the surgical wound, including the skin, are closed at the time of the initial surgery using standard techniques.
Comparador Ativo: Delayed Primary Closure with HIEDI
Participants undergo open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis followed by the High-Efficiency Incision and Drainage with Irrigation (HIEDI) protocol. Deep fascial layers are closed; subcutaneous tissue and skin are left open, packed with saline-soaked gauze, and closed at the bedside 3-5 days postoperatively if no infection signs are present using the Delayed Primary Closure (DPC) technique. Target enrollment: 100 participants.
Following open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis, the surgical wound undergoes the High-Efficiency Incision and Drainage with Irrigation (HIEDI) protocol: meticulous debridement of wound edges and pulsatile high-pressure irrigation with a minimum of 500 mL of povidone-iodine solution (1:10 dilution). The deep fascial layers are closed; the subcutaneous tissue and skin are left open, packed with saline-soaked gauze, and covered. The wound is closed at the bedside 3-5 days postoperatively if no signs of infection are present.

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Incidence of Surgical Site Infection (SSI) at 30 Days
Prazo: Up to 30 days postoperatively
Surgical Site Infection (SSI) diagnosed according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria, classified as superficial incisional, deep incisional, or organ/space infection. Assessed by trained outcome assessors blinded to treatment allocation.
Up to 30 days postoperatively

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Objective Wound Healing Trajectory (ASEPSIS Score)
Prazo: Day 7, Day 14, and Day 30 postoperatively
Objective assessment of wound healing and surgical site infection using the standardized ASEPSIS scoring system (evaluating criteria including erythema, serous discharge, purulent exudate, and separation of tissues). Lower scores represent superior healing.
Day 7, Day 14, and Day 30 postoperatively
Length of Hospital Stay (days)
Prazo: From admission to discharge, assessed up to 30 days
Total number of days from hospital admission to discharge. Shorter stays indicate more efficient recovery.
From admission to discharge, assessed up to 30 days
Incidence of Other Postoperative Complications
Prazo: Up to 30 days postoperatively
Incidence of wound dehiscence, intra-abdominal abscess, hematoma, seroma, and need for reintervention. Binary (yes/no) for each complication.
Up to 30 days postoperatively
Patient Satisfaction Score (0-100 scale)
Prazo: Day 7, Day 14, Day 30
Overall satisfaction with surgical care and recovery measured on a 0-100 scale using a study-specific validated questionnaire. Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction.
Day 7, Day 14, Day 30
Health-Related Quality of Life (EQ-5D-5L score)
Prazo: Day 7, Day 14, Day 30
Health-related quality of life assessed using the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Higher scores indicate better quality of life.
Day 7, Day 14, Day 30

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Investigadores

  • Diretor de estudo: Dr. Yasser Abdurabo Obadiel, Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Estimado)

1 de julho de 2026

Conclusão Primária (Estimado)

30 de novembro de 2026

Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)

30 de novembro de 2026

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

27 de junho de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

2 de julho de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

7 de julho de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

7 de julho de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

2 de julho de 2026

Última verificação

1 de julho de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

NÃO

Descrição do plano IPD

The study team does not plan to share individual participant data with other researchers. This is a single-center thesis study with limited data management infrastructure, and the dataset contains identifiable clinical information that cannot be sufficiently de-identified for broad sharing under local ethical guidelines.

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

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