Multimodal Imaging and Digital Pathology for Prostate Cancer Prediction

This is a prospective and retrospective multicenter cohort study. The study population consists of consecutive male subjects aged 40-90 years who are scheduled to undergo or have undergone prostate biopsy or radical prostatectomy, with complete standard-of-care preoperative multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images, and corresponding pathological diagnosis results. The collected data include:

1. Preoperative mpMRI and TRUS images
2. Digital whole-slide images of prostate biopsy specimens
3. Digital whole-slide images of radical prostatectomy specimens (if performed) The prospective cohort will include newly enrolled subjects who provide written informed consent, while the retrospective cohort will include historical subjects with complete imaging, pathology slide, and clinical data from participating centers.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects who are scheduled to undergo or have undergone prostate biopsy or radical prostatectomy.
2. Subjects who have completed standard-of-care preoperative multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) examinations.
3. Subjects with complete pathological diagnosis results available.
4. Age between 40 and 90 years.
5. Able and willing to provide written informed consent (for prospective cohort participants only).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior history of pelvic radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy.
2. Incomplete or poor-quality mpMRI or TRUS images (e.g., motion artifacts, insufficient sequences).
3. Concurrent other primary malignant tumors.
4. Severe systemic diseases that may affect the evaluation of the prostate.
5. Subjects with incomplete clinical or pathological data.
6. Contraindications to MRI examination (e.g., incompatible metallic implants, severe claustrophobia).