Feeding Infant Formula With Added Probiotics and Whey Protein Concentrate

Inclusion criteria (formula-fed group):

healthy infants of mothers who could not or voluntarily resigned completely from breast-feeding at infant age 14 plus/minus 3 days

Inclusion criteria (breast-fed group):

healthy infants exclusively breast-fed from birth and mothers intending to breastfeed >80% until at least 5th month of age (meaning through the 4th month of age).

Inclusion criteria (all infants):

delivered between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation birth weight >2500 g and <4000 g parent or the subject's legal representative speak and understand Chinese

Exclusion criteria (formula-fed group):

fully or partially breast-fed infants infants breast-fed >20%

Exclusion criteria (breast-fed group):

infants fed >20% infant formula

Exclusion criteria (all infants):

malformations, handicaps or congenital diseases that could affect normal feeding or growth treatment with antibiotics