Effectiveness of a Parental Training Programme to Enhance Parent-child Relationship and Reduce Harsh Parenting Practices and Parental Stress in the Preparation of Children for Transition to Primary School
Effectiveness of a Parental Training Programme to Enhance Parent-child Relationship and Reduce Harsh Parenting Practices and Parental Stress in the Preparation of Children for Transition to Primary School: A Randomized Controlled Trial
研究概览
详细说明
Introduction Transition creates a time of vulnerability for the child, the parents and their relationship. Failure to adjust to the transition, on the part of either parents or children, might place the family in a psychological devastating position. There is an imperative need to develop and evaluate appropriate interventions for parents so that they can contribute to helping their children enjoy a smooth passage to a pleasurable learning life in primary school.
Aim The aims of this study were to test the effectiveness of a parental training programme to enhance parent-child relationship and reduce harsh parenting practices and parental stress in the preparation of children for transition to primary school.
Methods A randomized controlled trial, two-group pre-test and repeated post-test, between-subjects design was employed. The method of simple complete randomization was adopted. Recruitment and data collection were conducted during the summer in 2009. Participants were recruited through referrals from the Hong Kong Sheung Kung Hui Welfare Council in Tung Chung. Written consent was obtained from parents after they were told the purposes of the study and agreed to participate. Parents were told that they were under no obligation to participate, could withdraw from the study with impunity at any time and were assured of the confidentiality of the data to be collected.
After they had signed consent forms, a research assistant collected demographic and baseline data from parents. Data collection was divided into three phases: at the time of recruitment (pre-intervention), at six weeks and three months after the intervention. Parents were asked to respond to the Chinese version of the parental acceptance-rejection scale, parental stress scale, and self-report scale on parent-child relationship in respect of the transition from kindergarten to primary school.
研究类型
注册 (实际的)
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
学习地点
-
-
-
Hong Kong、中国
- Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui Tung Chung Integrated Services
-
-
参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
- 孩子
- 成人
- 年长者
接受健康志愿者
有资格学习的性别
描述
Inclusion Criteria:
- must be able to read and write Chinese
- must have had primary school education or above
Exclusion Criteria:
- with identified cognitive and learning problems were excluded, as also were children with such problems
学习计划
研究是如何设计的？
设计细节
- 主要用途：支持治疗
- 分配：随机化
- 介入模型：并行分配
- 屏蔽：单身的
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
|---|---|
|
安慰剂比较：Placebo Control
Parents had no intervention except that an information leaflet for parents on helping children to adapt the new primary school life published by Education Bureau was given to each parent in the control group at the end of data collection.
|
Parents had no intervention except that an information leaflet for parents on helping children to adapt the new primary school life published by Education Bureau was given to each parent in the control group at the end of data collection.
|
|
实验性的：parental training programme
The parental training programme was run in small groups of 8 to 12 parents over four consecutive weeks.
They consisted of four group sessions, each lasting about two hours.
The major focus of the parental intervention included teaching parents: (1) to use more active listening skills, (2) to engage less in harsh parenting practices, (3) to use more praise and encouragement and (4) to set reasonable expectations in the rearing of their children.
Each session was started with revision of skills or concepts discussed in previous sessions, therefore, each session built on the previous session.
|
In the experimental group, parents participated in the parental training programme approximately one month before the start of the academic year in primary school.
Two social workers, who have minimum five- year experience in giving family counselling,implemented the interventions.
|
研究衡量的是什么？
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
|
Change of Self-reported Parent-Child Relationship at 6 weeks from baseline
大体时间：6 weeks
|
The parent-child relationship of the participants was measured by using a self-reporting method consisting of two items, with one asking 'How satisfied are you with the parent-child relationship?"
and the other 'As a parent, how satisfied are you with yourself?'
|
6 weeks
|
次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
|
Self-reported Parent-Child Relationship at baseline
大体时间：baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
|
The parent-child relationship of the participants was measured by using a self-reporting method consisting of two items, with one asking 'How satisfied are you with the parent-child relationship?"
and the other 'As a parent, how satisfied are you with yourself?'
|
baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
|
|
Change of Self-reported Parent-Child Relationship at 3 months from baseline
大体时间：3 months
|
The parent-child relationship of the participants was measured by using a self-reporting method consisting of two items, with one asking 'How satisfied are you with the parent-child relationship?"
and the other 'As a parent, how satisfied are you with yourself?'
|
3 months
|
|
Perceived Parental Aggression Scale at baseline
大体时间：baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
|
It measures harsh parenting, i.e. physical or verbal aggression towards children
|
baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
|
|
change of Perceived Parental Aggression Scale at 6 weeks from baseline
大体时间：6 weeks
|
It measures harsh parenting, i.e. physical or verbal aggression towards children
|
6 weeks
|
|
change of Perceived Parental Aggression Scale at 3 months from baseline
大体时间：3 months
|
It measures harsh parenting, i.e. physical or verbal aggression towards children
|
3 months
|
|
Parental Stress at baseline
大体时间：baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
|
we assess a parent's subjective feelings of strain, difficulty and dissatisfaction in reaction to stressors in the parent-child relationship
|
baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
|
|
change of Parental Stress at baseline at 6 weeks from baseline
大体时间：6 weeks
|
we assess a parent's subjective feelings of strain, difficulty and dissatisfaction in reaction to stressors in the parent-child relationship
|
6 weeks
|
|
change of Parental Stress at baseline at 3 months from baseline
大体时间：3 months
|
we assess a parent's subjective feelings of strain, difficulty and dissatisfaction in reaction to stressors in the parent-child relationship
|
3 months
|
合作者和调查者
调查人员
- 首席研究员：William Ho Cheung Li, PhD、The School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong
出版物和有用的链接
研究记录日期
研究主要日期
学习开始
初级完成 (实际的)
研究完成 (实际的)
研究注册日期
首次提交
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
首次发布 (估计)
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (估计)
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
最后验证
更多信息
与本研究相关的术语
其他研究编号
- ND789
此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索，没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求，请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改，我们的网站上也会自动更新.