Effectiveness of a Parental Training Programme to Enhance Parent-child Relationship and Reduce Harsh Parenting Practices and Parental Stress in the Preparation of Children for Transition to Primary School
tiistai 30. huhtikuuta 2013 päivittänyt: Dr. LI William Ho Cheung, The University of Hong Kong
Effectiveness of a Parental Training Programme to Enhance Parent-child Relationship and Reduce Harsh Parenting Practices and Parental Stress in the Preparation of Children for Transition to Primary School: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This study tested the effectiveness of a parental training programme to enhance parent-child relationship and reduce harsh parenting practices and parental stress in the preparation of children for transition to primary school.
A randomized controlled trial was employed and 142 parents were recruited.
Parents in the experimental group engaged in less harsh parenting practices and reported better parent-child relationships than parents in the control group.
Findings from this study provide empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the parental training programme and highlight the significance of parental involvement in promoting a smooth transition for children from kindergarten to primary one.
Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus
Tila
Valmis
Ehdot
Interventio / Hoito
Yksityiskohtainen kuvaus
Introduction Transition creates a time of vulnerability for the child, the parents and their relationship. Failure to adjust to the transition, on the part of either parents or children, might place the family in a psychological devastating position. There is an imperative need to develop and evaluate appropriate interventions for parents so that they can contribute to helping their children enjoy a smooth passage to a pleasurable learning life in primary school.
Aim The aims of this study were to test the effectiveness of a parental training programme to enhance parent-child relationship and reduce harsh parenting practices and parental stress in the preparation of children for transition to primary school.
Methods A randomized controlled trial, two-group pre-test and repeated post-test, between-subjects design was employed. The method of simple complete randomization was adopted. Recruitment and data collection were conducted during the summer in 2009. Participants were recruited through referrals from the Hong Kong Sheung Kung Hui Welfare Council in Tung Chung. Written consent was obtained from parents after they were told the purposes of the study and agreed to participate. Parents were told that they were under no obligation to participate, could withdraw from the study with impunity at any time and were assured of the confidentiality of the data to be collected.
After they had signed consent forms, a research assistant collected demographic and baseline data from parents. Data collection was divided into three phases: at the time of recruitment (pre-intervention), at six weeks and three months after the intervention. Parents were asked to respond to the Chinese version of the parental acceptance-rejection scale, parental stress scale, and self-report scale on parent-child relationship in respect of the transition from kindergarten to primary school.
Opintotyyppi
Interventio
Ilmoittautuminen (Todellinen)
142
Vaihe
- Ei sovellettavissa
Yhteystiedot ja paikat
Tässä osiossa on tutkimuksen suorittajien yhteystiedot ja tiedot siitä, missä tämä tutkimus suoritetaan.
Opiskelupaikat
-
-
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Hong Kong, Kiina
- Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui Tung Chung Integrated Services
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Osallistumiskriteerit
Tutkijat etsivät ihmisiä, jotka sopivat tiettyyn kuvaukseen, jota kutsutaan kelpoisuuskriteereiksi. Joitakin esimerkkejä näistä kriteereistä ovat henkilön yleinen terveydentila tai aiemmat hoidot.
Kelpoisuusvaatimukset
Opintokelpoiset iät
- Lapsi
- Aikuinen
- Vanhempi Aikuinen
Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia
Ei
Sukupuolet, jotka voivat opiskella
Kaikki
Kuvaus
Inclusion Criteria:
- must be able to read and write Chinese
- must have had primary school education or above
Exclusion Criteria:
- with identified cognitive and learning problems were excluded, as also were children with such problems
Opintosuunnitelma
Tässä osiossa on tietoja tutkimussuunnitelmasta, mukaan lukien kuinka tutkimus on suunniteltu ja mitä tutkimuksella mitataan.
Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?
Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat
- Ensisijainen käyttötarkoitus: Tukevaa hoitoa
- Jako: Satunnaistettu
- Inventiomalli: Rinnakkaistehtävä
- Naamiointi: Yksittäinen
Aseet ja interventiot
Osallistujaryhmä / Arm |
Interventio / Hoito |
|---|---|
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Placebo Comparator: Placebo Control
Parents had no intervention except that an information leaflet for parents on helping children to adapt the new primary school life published by Education Bureau was given to each parent in the control group at the end of data collection.
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Parents had no intervention except that an information leaflet for parents on helping children to adapt the new primary school life published by Education Bureau was given to each parent in the control group at the end of data collection.
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Kokeellinen: parental training programme
The parental training programme was run in small groups of 8 to 12 parents over four consecutive weeks.
They consisted of four group sessions, each lasting about two hours.
The major focus of the parental intervention included teaching parents: (1) to use more active listening skills, (2) to engage less in harsh parenting practices, (3) to use more praise and encouragement and (4) to set reasonable expectations in the rearing of their children.
Each session was started with revision of skills or concepts discussed in previous sessions, therefore, each session built on the previous session.
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In the experimental group, parents participated in the parental training programme approximately one month before the start of the academic year in primary school.
Two social workers, who have minimum five- year experience in giving family counselling,implemented the interventions.
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Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?
Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
|
Change of Self-reported Parent-Child Relationship at 6 weeks from baseline
Aikaikkuna: 6 weeks
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The parent-child relationship of the participants was measured by using a self-reporting method consisting of two items, with one asking 'How satisfied are you with the parent-child relationship?"
and the other 'As a parent, how satisfied are you with yourself?'
|
6 weeks
|
Toissijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
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Self-reported Parent-Child Relationship at baseline
Aikaikkuna: baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
|
The parent-child relationship of the participants was measured by using a self-reporting method consisting of two items, with one asking 'How satisfied are you with the parent-child relationship?"
and the other 'As a parent, how satisfied are you with yourself?'
|
baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
|
|
Change of Self-reported Parent-Child Relationship at 3 months from baseline
Aikaikkuna: 3 months
|
The parent-child relationship of the participants was measured by using a self-reporting method consisting of two items, with one asking 'How satisfied are you with the parent-child relationship?"
and the other 'As a parent, how satisfied are you with yourself?'
|
3 months
|
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Perceived Parental Aggression Scale at baseline
Aikaikkuna: baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
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It measures harsh parenting, i.e. physical or verbal aggression towards children
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baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
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change of Perceived Parental Aggression Scale at 6 weeks from baseline
Aikaikkuna: 6 weeks
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It measures harsh parenting, i.e. physical or verbal aggression towards children
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6 weeks
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change of Perceived Parental Aggression Scale at 3 months from baseline
Aikaikkuna: 3 months
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It measures harsh parenting, i.e. physical or verbal aggression towards children
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3 months
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Parental Stress at baseline
Aikaikkuna: baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
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we assess a parent's subjective feelings of strain, difficulty and dissatisfaction in reaction to stressors in the parent-child relationship
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baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
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change of Parental Stress at baseline at 6 weeks from baseline
Aikaikkuna: 6 weeks
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we assess a parent's subjective feelings of strain, difficulty and dissatisfaction in reaction to stressors in the parent-child relationship
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6 weeks
|
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change of Parental Stress at baseline at 3 months from baseline
Aikaikkuna: 3 months
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we assess a parent's subjective feelings of strain, difficulty and dissatisfaction in reaction to stressors in the parent-child relationship
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3 months
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Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat
Täältä löydät tähän tutkimukseen osallistuvat ihmiset ja organisaatiot.
Sponsori
Tutkijat
- Päätutkija: William Ho Cheung Li, PhD, The School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong
Julkaisuja ja hyödyllisiä linkkejä
Tutkimusta koskevien tietojen syöttämisestä vastaava henkilö toimittaa nämä julkaisut vapaaehtoisesti. Nämä voivat koskea mitä tahansa tutkimukseen liittyvää.
Opintojen ennätyspäivät
Nämä päivämäärät seuraavat ClinicalTrials.gov-sivustolle lähetettyjen tutkimustietueiden ja yhteenvetojen edistymistä. National Library of Medicine (NLM) tarkistaa tutkimustiedot ja raportoidut tulokset varmistaakseen, että ne täyttävät tietyt laadunvalvontastandardit, ennen kuin ne julkaistaan julkisella verkkosivustolla.
Opi tärkeimmät päivämäärät
Opiskelun aloitus
Sunnuntai 1. maaliskuuta 2009
Ensisijainen valmistuminen (Todellinen)
Tiistai 1. syyskuuta 2009
Opintojen valmistuminen (Todellinen)
Tiistai 1. joulukuuta 2009
Opintoihin ilmoittautumispäivät
Ensimmäinen lähetetty
Torstai 25. huhtikuuta 2013
Ensimmäinen toimitettu, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Tiistai 30. huhtikuuta 2013
Ensimmäinen Lähetetty (Arvio)
Perjantai 3. toukokuuta 2013
Tutkimustietojen päivitykset
Viimeisin päivitys julkaistu (Arvio)
Perjantai 3. toukokuuta 2013
Viimeisin lähetetty päivitys, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Tiistai 30. huhtikuuta 2013
Viimeksi vahvistettu
Maanantai 1. huhtikuuta 2013
Lisää tietoa
Tähän tutkimukseen liittyvät termit
Muut tutkimustunnusnumerot
- ND789
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