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Effectiveness of a Parental Training Programme to Enhance Parent-child Relationship and Reduce Harsh Parenting Practices and Parental Stress in the Preparation of Children for Transition to Primary School

30 april 2013 uppdaterad av: Dr. LI William Ho Cheung, The University of Hong Kong

Effectiveness of a Parental Training Programme to Enhance Parent-child Relationship and Reduce Harsh Parenting Practices and Parental Stress in the Preparation of Children for Transition to Primary School: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study tested the effectiveness of a parental training programme to enhance parent-child relationship and reduce harsh parenting practices and parental stress in the preparation of children for transition to primary school. A randomized controlled trial was employed and 142 parents were recruited. Parents in the experimental group engaged in less harsh parenting practices and reported better parent-child relationships than parents in the control group. Findings from this study provide empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the parental training programme and highlight the significance of parental involvement in promoting a smooth transition for children from kindergarten to primary one.

Studieöversikt

Status

Avslutad

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljerad beskrivning

Introduction Transition creates a time of vulnerability for the child, the parents and their relationship. Failure to adjust to the transition, on the part of either parents or children, might place the family in a psychological devastating position. There is an imperative need to develop and evaluate appropriate interventions for parents so that they can contribute to helping their children enjoy a smooth passage to a pleasurable learning life in primary school.

Aim The aims of this study were to test the effectiveness of a parental training programme to enhance parent-child relationship and reduce harsh parenting practices and parental stress in the preparation of children for transition to primary school.

Methods A randomized controlled trial, two-group pre-test and repeated post-test, between-subjects design was employed. The method of simple complete randomization was adopted. Recruitment and data collection were conducted during the summer in 2009. Participants were recruited through referrals from the Hong Kong Sheung Kung Hui Welfare Council in Tung Chung. Written consent was obtained from parents after they were told the purposes of the study and agreed to participate. Parents were told that they were under no obligation to participate, could withdraw from the study with impunity at any time and were assured of the confidentiality of the data to be collected.

After they had signed consent forms, a research assistant collected demographic and baseline data from parents. Data collection was divided into three phases: at the time of recruitment (pre-intervention), at six weeks and three months after the intervention. Parents were asked to respond to the Chinese version of the parental acceptance-rejection scale, parental stress scale, and self-report scale on parent-child relationship in respect of the transition from kindergarten to primary school.

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Faktisk)

142

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studieorter

  • Kina
      • Hong Kong, Kina
        • Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui Tung Chung Integrated Services

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Barn
  • Vuxen
  • Äldre vuxen

Tar emot friska volontärer

Nej

Kön som är behöriga för studier

Allt

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • must be able to read and write Chinese
  • must have had primary school education or above

Exclusion Criteria:

  • with identified cognitive and learning problems were excluded, as also were children with such problems

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Stödjande vård
  • Tilldelning: Randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
  • Maskning: Enda

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Placebo-jämförare: Placebo Control
Parents had no intervention except that an information leaflet for parents on helping children to adapt the new primary school life published by Education Bureau was given to each parent in the control group at the end of data collection.
Beteende: Placebo Control
Parents had no intervention except that an information leaflet for parents on helping children to adapt the new primary school life published by Education Bureau was given to each parent in the control group at the end of data collection.
Experimentell: parental training programme
The parental training programme was run in small groups of 8 to 12 parents over four consecutive weeks. They consisted of four group sessions, each lasting about two hours. The major focus of the parental intervention included teaching parents: (1) to use more active listening skills, (2) to engage less in harsh parenting practices, (3) to use more praise and encouragement and (4) to set reasonable expectations in the rearing of their children. Each session was started with revision of skills or concepts discussed in previous sessions, therefore, each session built on the previous session.
Beteende: parental training programme
In the experimental group, parents participated in the parental training programme approximately one month before the start of the academic year in primary school. Two social workers, who have minimum five- year experience in giving family counselling,implemented the interventions.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Change of Self-reported Parent-Child Relationship at 6 weeks from baseline
Tidsram: 6 weeks
The parent-child relationship of the participants was measured by using a self-reporting method consisting of two items, with one asking 'How satisfied are you with the parent-child relationship?" and the other 'As a parent, how satisfied are you with yourself?'
6 weeks

Sekundära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Self-reported Parent-Child Relationship at baseline
Tidsram: baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
The parent-child relationship of the participants was measured by using a self-reporting method consisting of two items, with one asking 'How satisfied are you with the parent-child relationship?" and the other 'As a parent, how satisfied are you with yourself?'
baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
Change of Self-reported Parent-Child Relationship at 3 months from baseline
Tidsram: 3 months
The parent-child relationship of the participants was measured by using a self-reporting method consisting of two items, with one asking 'How satisfied are you with the parent-child relationship?" and the other 'As a parent, how satisfied are you with yourself?'
3 months
Perceived Parental Aggression Scale at baseline
Tidsram: baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
It measures harsh parenting, i.e. physical or verbal aggression towards children
baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
change of Perceived Parental Aggression Scale at 6 weeks from baseline
Tidsram: 6 weeks
It measures harsh parenting, i.e. physical or verbal aggression towards children
6 weeks
change of Perceived Parental Aggression Scale at 3 months from baseline
Tidsram: 3 months
It measures harsh parenting, i.e. physical or verbal aggression towards children
3 months
Parental Stress at baseline
Tidsram: baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
we assess a parent's subjective feelings of strain, difficulty and dissatisfaction in reaction to stressors in the parent-child relationship
baseline, 0 week ( just before the start of intervention)
change of Parental Stress at baseline at 6 weeks from baseline
Tidsram: 6 weeks
we assess a parent's subjective feelings of strain, difficulty and dissatisfaction in reaction to stressors in the parent-child relationship
6 weeks
change of Parental Stress at baseline at 3 months from baseline
Tidsram: 3 months
we assess a parent's subjective feelings of strain, difficulty and dissatisfaction in reaction to stressors in the parent-child relationship
3 months

Samarbetspartners och utredare

Det är här du hittar personer och organisationer som är involverade i denna studie.

Sponsor

The University of Hong Kong

Utredare

  • Huvudutredare: William Ho Cheung Li, PhD, The School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong

Publikationer och användbara länkar

Den som ansvarar för att lägga in information om studien tillhandahåller frivilligt dessa publikationer. Dessa kan handla om allt som har med studien att göra.

Allmänna publikationer

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart

1 mars 2009

Primärt slutförande (Faktisk)

1 september 2009

Avslutad studie (Faktisk)

1 december 2009

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

25 april 2013

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

30 april 2013

Första postat (Uppskatta)

3 maj 2013

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Uppskatta)

3 maj 2013

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

30 april 2013

Senast verifierad

1 april 2013

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • ND789

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