Particle Sizing of Masticated Tree Nuts - Cashews and Walnuts
The investigators want to understand how oral processing (chewing) of nuts affects particle size and the presence of lipid (fat) on the cut surfaces.
The main objective of the study is to:
Measure the size of nut particles that have been chewed sufficiently to be swallowed.
The secondary objective of this study is to:
Measure any changes in lipid content due to chewing and compare it to a prediction from a theoretical model.
The investigators have developed a theoretical model for determining the release of nutrients from plant foods, specifically lipid (fat) from almonds. The model has been used to calculate the amount of lipid released from chewed almonds. The model shows that only about 10% of the lipid is immediately released. The investigators require information on the particle size distribution (number of particles of each size) for other chewed nuts to calculate the amount of lipid released for other nuts. This will allow us to check the validity of our model for other foods.
研究概览
研究类型
注册 (预期的)
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
学习地点
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London、英国、SE1 9NH
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London
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参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
接受健康志愿者
有资格学习的性别
描述
Inclusion Criteria:
- Must be generally healthy
- Must have eaten nuts within the last month with no adverse effects
Exclusion Criteria:
- Must not be allergic to nuts of any kind
- Must not have any teeth missing (apart from unerupted wisdom teeth)
- Must not have bleeding gums
- Must not have had dental treatment (other than checkups) in the last 3 months
- Must not be currently suffering from any infectious disease that may be passed on via saliva e.g. Glandular fever, flu
学习计划
研究是如何设计的?
设计细节
- 分配:不适用
- 介入模型:单组作业
- 屏蔽:无(打开标签)
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
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实验性的:Chewing of nuts
8 samples (4-5 g) of nuts (cashews or walnuts) on two separate visit days.
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The volunteers will be asked to chew and spit 8 portions (4-5 g) of nuts (cashews or walnuts) on two separate visits.
They will provide samples for particle sizing.
Two portions will be used as practice samples in order to measure the number of chews.
Two portions will be sieved.
Two portions will be measured by laser diffraction.
Two portions will be frozen for later lipid analysis.
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研究衡量的是什么?
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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Particle size distribution of masticated nuts
大体时间:At time of expectoration, up to 90 seconds after each sample ingested.
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Particle size distribution of masticated nuts as measured by laser diffraction and sieving.
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At time of expectoration, up to 90 seconds after each sample ingested.
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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Lipid content of masticated nuts
大体时间:At time of expectoration, up to 90 seconds after each sample ingested.
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Lipid content of masticated nuts as measured by Soxhlet to be compared to predictions form mathematical model.
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At time of expectoration, up to 90 seconds after each sample ingested.
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合作者和调查者
调查人员
- 首席研究员:Terri Grassby, BSc PhD、King's College London
出版物和有用的链接
一般刊物
- Grundy MM, Grassby T, Mandalari G, Waldron KW, Butterworth PJ, Berry SE, Ellis PR. Effect of mastication on lipid bioaccessibility of almonds in a randomized human study and its implications for digestion kinetics, metabolizable energy, and postprandial lipemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Jan;101(1):25-33. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.088328. Epub 2014 Nov 12.
- Grassby T, Picout DR, Mandalari G, Faulks RM, Kendall CW, Rich GT, Wickham MS, Lapsley K, Ellis PR. Modelling of nutrient bioaccessibility in almond seeds based on the fracture properties of their cell walls. Food Funct. 2014 Dec;5(12):3096-106. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00659c.
研究记录日期
研究主要日期
学习开始
初级完成 (实际的)
研究完成 (预期的)
研究注册日期
首次提交
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
首次发布 (估计)
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (估计)
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
最后验证
更多信息
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