Particle Sizing of Masticated Tree Nuts - Cashews and Walnuts
The investigators want to understand how oral processing (chewing) of nuts affects particle size and the presence of lipid (fat) on the cut surfaces.
The main objective of the study is to:
Measure the size of nut particles that have been chewed sufficiently to be swallowed.
The secondary objective of this study is to:
Measure any changes in lipid content due to chewing and compare it to a prediction from a theoretical model.
The investigators have developed a theoretical model for determining the release of nutrients from plant foods, specifically lipid (fat) from almonds. The model has been used to calculate the amount of lipid released from chewed almonds. The model shows that only about 10% of the lipid is immediately released. The investigators require information on the particle size distribution (number of particles of each size) for other chewed nuts to calculate the amount of lipid released for other nuts. This will allow us to check the validity of our model for other foods.
Aperçu de l'étude
Type d'étude
Inscription (Anticipé)
Phase
- N'est pas applicable
Contacts et emplacements
Lieux d'étude
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London, Royaume-Uni, SE1 9NH
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London
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Critères de participation
Critère d'éligibilité
Âges éligibles pour étudier
Accepte les volontaires sains
Sexes éligibles pour l'étude
La description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Must be generally healthy
- Must have eaten nuts within the last month with no adverse effects
Exclusion Criteria:
- Must not be allergic to nuts of any kind
- Must not have any teeth missing (apart from unerupted wisdom teeth)
- Must not have bleeding gums
- Must not have had dental treatment (other than checkups) in the last 3 months
- Must not be currently suffering from any infectious disease that may be passed on via saliva e.g. Glandular fever, flu
Plan d'étude
Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?
Détails de conception
- Répartition: N / A
- Modèle interventionnel: Affectation à un seul groupe
- Masquage: Aucun (étiquette ouverte)
Armes et Interventions
Groupe de participants / Bras |
Intervention / Traitement |
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Expérimental: Chewing of nuts
8 samples (4-5 g) of nuts (cashews or walnuts) on two separate visit days.
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The volunteers will be asked to chew and spit 8 portions (4-5 g) of nuts (cashews or walnuts) on two separate visits.
They will provide samples for particle sizing.
Two portions will be used as practice samples in order to measure the number of chews.
Two portions will be sieved.
Two portions will be measured by laser diffraction.
Two portions will be frozen for later lipid analysis.
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Que mesure l'étude ?
Principaux critères de jugement
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
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Particle size distribution of masticated nuts
Délai: At time of expectoration, up to 90 seconds after each sample ingested.
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Particle size distribution of masticated nuts as measured by laser diffraction and sieving.
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At time of expectoration, up to 90 seconds after each sample ingested.
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Mesures de résultats secondaires
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
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Lipid content of masticated nuts
Délai: At time of expectoration, up to 90 seconds after each sample ingested.
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Lipid content of masticated nuts as measured by Soxhlet to be compared to predictions form mathematical model.
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At time of expectoration, up to 90 seconds after each sample ingested.
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Collaborateurs et enquêteurs
Parrainer
Les enquêteurs
- Chercheur principal: Terri Grassby, BSc PhD, King's College London
Publications et liens utiles
Publications générales
- Grundy MM, Grassby T, Mandalari G, Waldron KW, Butterworth PJ, Berry SE, Ellis PR. Effect of mastication on lipid bioaccessibility of almonds in a randomized human study and its implications for digestion kinetics, metabolizable energy, and postprandial lipemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Jan;101(1):25-33. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.088328. Epub 2014 Nov 12.
- Grassby T, Picout DR, Mandalari G, Faulks RM, Kendall CW, Rich GT, Wickham MS, Lapsley K, Ellis PR. Modelling of nutrient bioaccessibility in almond seeds based on the fracture properties of their cell walls. Food Funct. 2014 Dec;5(12):3096-106. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00659c.
Dates d'enregistrement des études
Dates principales de l'étude
Début de l'étude
Achèvement primaire (Réel)
Achèvement de l'étude (Anticipé)
Dates d'inscription aux études
Première soumission
Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
Première publication (Estimation)
Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude
Dernière mise à jour publiée (Estimation)
Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
Dernière vérification
Plus d'information
Termes liés à cette étude
Mots clés
Autres numéros d'identification d'étude
- 14/LO/2286
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