Two Narrative Medicine Interventions in Type 1 Diabetes

实验性的：living theatre

One session consisting for the patient of telling a story about his/her own life with diabetes , which is first written and then transformed to a script to be played by professional actors co-directed by the patient with the support of the Director to create a little play.

其他：participating in a session of "living theatre"

participating to a session of "living theatre" which consists in writing a story about life with diabetes, which is then transformed to a script to be played by professional actors co-directed by the patient with the support of the Director to create a short play

有源比较器：writing workshop

one session consisting for the patient of writing a "Letter to his/her own diabetes" and then to read it to the group of patients and the healthcare providers.

其他：writing workshop

one session consisting for the patient of writing a "Letter to his/her own diabetes" and then to read it to the group of patients and the healthcare providers.

Change from baseline IPQR (Illness Perception Questionnaire) score at 3 months

Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQR) There is no total score for IPQR Nine subscales are reported for IPQR. High scores on the identity, timeline, consequences, and cyclical dimensions represent strongly held beliefs about the number of symptoms attributed to the illness, the chronicity of the condition, the negative consequences of the illness, and the cyclical nature of the condition. High scores on the personal control, treatment control and coherence dimensions, represent positive beliefs about the controllability of the illness and a personal understanding of the condition. Minimal and maximal score are respectively 0 and 14 for identity, 0 and 30 for timeline, consequences, personal control, and emotional representations, 0 and 25 for treatment control and illness coherence illness, 0-20 for timeline cyclical

comparison of the two groups concerning answers to qualitative interviews at T 3 months after the intervention

A psychologist conducted qualitative interviews according to a blinded process in a subgroup of 6 patients at T3 months, with a general inductive approach to capture all representations on diabetes and the session. Transcribed Interviews were analyzed regarding inductive coding and 2 independent investigators built and tested a coding schedule.