Obstacle Course Versus Neuromotor Task Training in Children With DCD
Comparison of Obstacle Course Training and Neuromotor Task Training on Motor Planning and Functional Mobility in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder
研究概览
详细说明
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5-6% of school-aged children worldwide. Marked by impairments in motor coordination, skill development, and functional performance. The complex etiology of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is linked to atypical neurodevelopment, genetic predispositions, and associated co-morbidities such as ADHD and ASD, further influenced by perinatal factors like prematurity and low birth weight. DCD is associated with long-term consequences, including difficulties in activities of daily living (ADLs), reduced participation in physical activities, and impaired psychosocial functioning, which collectively increase the risk of obesity and lower self-efficacy. Early, targeted, and task-specific interventions are crucial. Among these, Neuromotor Task Training (NTT) focuses on improving motor planning through structured, cognitive strategies, while Obstacle Course Training (OCT) provides a dynamic setting that promotes functional movement and real-time problem-solving.
This randomized clinical trial will compare the effects of both interventions. The study will be conducted over 10 months at the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital (ULTH) pediatric rehabilitation center and Sehat Medical Complex (SMC) Hanjarwal. The duration of the intervention will be 9 weeks, with 2 sessions per week. There will be two study groups, and convenient sampling techniques will be used. Eligible participants will be children aged 7 to 10 years, both males and females, diagnosed with DCD based on DSM-5 criteria, with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score >24 and an IQ above 75 on the Raven Intelligence Scale. Screening for DCD will be done using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) and motor proficiency will be assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2). Children with a DCDQ score of ≤48 and a BOT-2 score of ≤40 will be included. Children with other neurological, psychiatric, or orthopedic conditions will be excluded. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either Obstacle Course Training (OCT) or Neuromotor Task Training (NTT) to assess which intervention more effectively improves motor planning and functional mobility. SPSS version 27 will be used for data analysis.
研究类型
注册 (估计的)
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
学习联系方式
- 姓名：Khadija Liaquat MS-NMPT
- 电话号码：03334956854
- 邮箱：khadijaliaquat90@gmail.com
研究联系人备份
- 姓名：Imran Amjad Phd, MS
- 电话号码：03324390125
- 邮箱：imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk
学习地点
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Punjab Province
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Lahore、Punjab Province、巴基斯坦、54000
- 尚未招聘
- Riphah Rehabilitation Center, Riphah International University
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接触：
- Imran Amjad Phd
- 电话号码：03324390125
- 邮箱：imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk
-
接触：
- Khadija Liaquat MS-NMPT
- 电话号码：03334956854
- 邮箱：khadijaliaquat90@gmail.com
-
Lahore、Punjab Province、巴基斯坦、54000
- 招聘中
- University Of Lahore Teaching Hospital ULTH
-
接触：
- Imran Amjad Phd, Phd
- 电话号码：033224390125
- 邮箱：imranamjad@riphah.edu.pk
-
接触：
- khadija Liaquat, MS-PT
- 电话号码：03334956854
- 邮箱：khadijaliaquat90@gmail.com
-
-
参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
- 孩子
接受健康志愿者
描述
Inclusion Criteria:
• Diagnosis of DCD based on DSM4/5 criteria.
- Children aged 7-10.
- Gender male and female.
- Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score >24 .
- Cognitive development appropriate for chronological age.
- Raven Intelligence Test Scale (IQ > 75) .
- Developmental Coordination Questionnaire ≤48 points: likely DCD (≤ 10th percentile).
- BOT-2 score ≤ 40.
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of surgery and lower limb injuries over the past 12 months.
- Use of assistive devices to balance and walk.
- Severe ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder (if it significantly interferes with participation), or major psychiatric disorders.
- Taking neuroleptics or any other medications that significantly alter muscle tone, coordination, or attention.
学习计划
研究是如何设计的？
设计细节
- 主要用途：治疗
- 分配：随机化
- 介入模型：并行分配
- 屏蔽：无（打开标签）
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
|---|---|
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实验性的：Obstacle Course Training (OCT)
Participants will receive structured Obstacle Course Training focused on over-ground walking with obstacle negotiation.
Training targets motor planning, toe clearance, and functional mobility under single- and dual-task conditions.
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Participants will perform Obstacle Course Training on a 12-meter walkway with a midpoint obstacle at low (30% leg length) and high (50% leg length) heights.
Training includes single-task walking (8 trials) and dual-task walking (16 trials) with concurrent visual discrimination tasks using flashcards.
Walking time, toe clearance, and response accuracy will be recorded.
Sessions will be conducted twice weekly for 9 weeks.
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实验性的：Neuromotor Task Training (NTT)
Participants will receive neuromotor task training using task-oriented activities focused on motor planning, execution, and evaluation through structured, game-based stations.
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Each session will involve task-oriented activities arranged in multiple stations. Activities will be broken down into planning, execution, and evaluation phases and will include soccer, netball, basketball, tagging games, rope skipping, and other age-appropriate functional games. Children will perform tasks with therapist guidance and feedback to enhance motor planning and performance. Each session will last approximately 45-60 minutes, including warm-up, main activities, and cool-down. The intervention will be delivered over 9 weeks, with 2 sessions per week. |
研究衡量的是什么？
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
|
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2) for fine and gross Motor Skills
大体时间：9 weeks
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The BOT-2 (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition) scoring converts raw scores into precise motor proficiency metrics for ages 4-21, using sex-specific norms
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9 weeks
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Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)
大体时间：9 weeks
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The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test measures functional mobility and fall risk in seconds.
The test requires a participant to stand up, walk 3 meters, turn, walk back, and sit down.
Results < 10 seconds indicate normal mobility, while times >13.5-14
seconds indicate a higher risk of falls and frailty, requiring further evaluation
|
9 weeks
|
合作者和调查者
调查人员
- 首席研究员：Arshmaan Mahmood, MS-PPT、Riphah International University
出版物和有用的链接
一般刊物
- 1. Fogel Y, Stuart N, Joyce T, Barnett AL. Relationships between motor skills and executive functions in developmental coordination disorder (DCD): A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2023;30(3):344-56. 2. Castellucci G, Singla R. Developmental Coordination Disorder (Dyspraxia). StatPearls [Internet]: StatPearls Publishing; 2024. 3. Karabak M, Akıncı MA, Yıldırım Demirdöğen E, Bozkurt A. Prevalence and associated factors of developmental coordination disorder in primary school children. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2024:1-12. 4. Li H, Ke X, Huang D, Xu X, Tian H, Gao J, et al. The prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2024;12:1387406.
研究记录日期
研究主要日期
学习开始 (实际的)
初级完成 (估计的)
研究完成 (估计的)
研究注册日期
首次提交
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
首次发布 (实际的)
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (实际的)
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
最后验证
更多信息
与本研究相关的术语
其他研究编号
- RCR&AHS/25/0708/Arshmaan
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