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Obstacle Course Versus Neuromotor Task Training in Children With DCD

10. august 2026 oppdatert av: Riphah International University

Comparison of Obstacle Course Training and Neuromotor Task Training on Motor Planning and Functional Mobility in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) affects motor planning and functional mobility in children, leading to long-term functional and psychosocial difficulties. This randomized clinical trial will compare the effectiveness of Obstacle Course Training (OCT) and Neuromotor Task Training (NTT) in improving motor planning and functional mobility in children aged 7-10 years diagnosed with DCD. Participants will be randomly allocated to either OCT or NTT for 9 weeks (two sessions per week). Outcomes will be assessed using standardized motor performance measures to determine the more effective intervention.

Studieoversikt

Status

Rekruttering

Forhold

Intervensjon / Behandling

Detaljert beskrivelse

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5-6% of school-aged children worldwide. Marked by impairments in motor coordination, skill development, and functional performance. The complex etiology of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is linked to atypical neurodevelopment, genetic predispositions, and associated co-morbidities such as ADHD and ASD, further influenced by perinatal factors like prematurity and low birth weight. DCD is associated with long-term consequences, including difficulties in activities of daily living (ADLs), reduced participation in physical activities, and impaired psychosocial functioning, which collectively increase the risk of obesity and lower self-efficacy. Early, targeted, and task-specific interventions are crucial. Among these, Neuromotor Task Training (NTT) focuses on improving motor planning through structured, cognitive strategies, while Obstacle Course Training (OCT) provides a dynamic setting that promotes functional movement and real-time problem-solving.

This randomized clinical trial will compare the effects of both interventions. The study will be conducted over 10 months at the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital (ULTH) pediatric rehabilitation center and Sehat Medical Complex (SMC) Hanjarwal. The duration of the intervention will be 9 weeks, with 2 sessions per week. There will be two study groups, and convenient sampling techniques will be used. Eligible participants will be children aged 7 to 10 years, both males and females, diagnosed with DCD based on DSM-5 criteria, with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score >24 and an IQ above 75 on the Raven Intelligence Scale. Screening for DCD will be done using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) and motor proficiency will be assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2). Children with a DCDQ score of ≤48 and a BOT-2 score of ≤40 will be included. Children with other neurological, psychiatric, or orthopedic conditions will be excluded. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either Obstacle Course Training (OCT) or Neuromotor Task Training (NTT) to assess which intervention more effectively improves motor planning and functional mobility. SPSS version 27 will be used for data analysis.

Studietype

Intervensjonell

Registrering (Antatt)

28

Fase

  • Ikke aktuelt

Kontakter og plasseringer

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Studiekontakt

Studer Kontakt Backup

Studiesteder

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab Province
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 54000
        • Har ikke rekruttert ennå
        • Riphah Rehabilitation Center, Riphah International University
        • Ta kontakt med:
        • Ta kontakt med:
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 54000
        • Rekruttering
        • University Of Lahore Teaching Hospital ULTH
        • Ta kontakt med:
        • Ta kontakt med:

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

  • Barn

Tar imot friske frivillige

Nei

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • • Diagnosis of DCD based on DSM4/5 criteria.

    • Children aged 7-10.
    • Gender male and female.
    • Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score >24 .
    • Cognitive development appropriate for chronological age.
    • Raven Intelligence Test Scale (IQ > 75) .
    • Developmental Coordination Questionnaire ≤48 points: likely DCD (≤ 10th percentile).
    • BOT-2 score ≤ 40.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of surgery and lower limb injuries over the past 12 months.
  • Use of assistive devices to balance and walk.
  • Severe ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder (if it significantly interferes with participation), or major psychiatric disorders.
  • Taking neuroleptics or any other medications that significantly alter muscle tone, coordination, or attention.

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

  • Primært formål: Behandling
  • Tildeling: Randomisert
  • Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
  • Masking: Ingen (Open Label)

Våpen og intervensjoner

Deltakergruppe / Arm
Intervensjon / Behandling
Eksperimentell: Obstacle Course Training (OCT)
Participants will receive structured Obstacle Course Training focused on over-ground walking with obstacle negotiation. Training targets motor planning, toe clearance, and functional mobility under single- and dual-task conditions.
Atferdsmessig: Obstacle Course Training
Participants will perform Obstacle Course Training on a 12-meter walkway with a midpoint obstacle at low (30% leg length) and high (50% leg length) heights. Training includes single-task walking (8 trials) and dual-task walking (16 trials) with concurrent visual discrimination tasks using flashcards. Walking time, toe clearance, and response accuracy will be recorded. Sessions will be conducted twice weekly for 9 weeks.
Eksperimentell: Neuromotor Task Training (NTT)
Participants will receive neuromotor task training using task-oriented activities focused on motor planning, execution, and evaluation through structured, game-based stations.
Atferdsmessig: Neuromotor Task Training

Each session will involve task-oriented activities arranged in multiple stations. Activities will be broken down into planning, execution, and evaluation phases and will include soccer, netball, basketball, tagging games, rope skipping, and other age-appropriate functional games. Children will perform tasks with therapist guidance and feedback to enhance motor planning and performance.

Each session will last approximately 45-60 minutes, including warm-up, main activities, and cool-down. The intervention will be delivered over 9 weeks, with 2 sessions per week.

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2) for fine and gross Motor Skills
Tidsramme: 9 weeks
The BOT-2 (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition) scoring converts raw scores into precise motor proficiency metrics for ages 4-21, using sex-specific norms
9 weeks
Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)
Tidsramme: 9 weeks
The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test measures functional mobility and fall risk in seconds. The test requires a participant to stand up, walk 3 meters, turn, walk back, and sit down. Results < 10 seconds indicate normal mobility, while times >13.5-14 seconds indicate a higher risk of falls and frailty, requiring further evaluation
9 weeks

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

Det er her du vil finne personer og organisasjoner som er involvert i denne studien.

Sponsor

Riphah International University

Etterforskere

  • Hovedetterforsker: Arshmaan Mahmood, MS-PPT, Riphah International University

Publikasjoner og nyttige lenker

Den som er ansvarlig for å legge inn informasjon om studien leverer frivillig disse publikasjonene. Disse kan handle om alt relatert til studiet.

Generelle publikasjoner

  • 1. Fogel Y, Stuart N, Joyce T, Barnett AL. Relationships between motor skills and executive functions in developmental coordination disorder (DCD): A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2023;30(3):344-56. 2. Castellucci G, Singla R. Developmental Coordination Disorder (Dyspraxia). StatPearls [Internet]: StatPearls Publishing; 2024. 3. Karabak M, Akıncı MA, Yıldırım Demirdöğen E, Bozkurt A. Prevalence and associated factors of developmental coordination disorder in primary school children. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2024:1-12. 4. Li H, Ke X, Huang D, Xu X, Tian H, Gao J, et al. The prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2024;12:1387406.

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

1. januar 2026

Primær fullføring (Antatt)

1. august 2026

Studiet fullført (Antatt)

10. august 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

14. desember 2025

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

4. mai 2026

Først lagt ut (Faktiske)

8. mai 2026

Oppdateringer av studieposter

Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)

12. august 2026

Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

10. august 2026

Sist bekreftet

1. august 2026

Mer informasjon

Begreper knyttet til denne studien

Nøkkelord

Ytterligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre studie-ID-numre

  • RCR&AHS/25/0708/Arshmaan

Plan for individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)

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NEI

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Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert medikamentprodukt

Nei

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Nei

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