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Obstacle Course Versus Neuromotor Task Training in Children With DCD

10 augusti 2026 uppdaterad av: Riphah International University

Comparison of Obstacle Course Training and Neuromotor Task Training on Motor Planning and Functional Mobility in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) affects motor planning and functional mobility in children, leading to long-term functional and psychosocial difficulties. This randomized clinical trial will compare the effectiveness of Obstacle Course Training (OCT) and Neuromotor Task Training (NTT) in improving motor planning and functional mobility in children aged 7-10 years diagnosed with DCD. Participants will be randomly allocated to either OCT or NTT for 9 weeks (two sessions per week). Outcomes will be assessed using standardized motor performance measures to determine the more effective intervention.

Studieöversikt

Status

Rekrytering

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljerad beskrivning

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5-6% of school-aged children worldwide. Marked by impairments in motor coordination, skill development, and functional performance. The complex etiology of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is linked to atypical neurodevelopment, genetic predispositions, and associated co-morbidities such as ADHD and ASD, further influenced by perinatal factors like prematurity and low birth weight. DCD is associated with long-term consequences, including difficulties in activities of daily living (ADLs), reduced participation in physical activities, and impaired psychosocial functioning, which collectively increase the risk of obesity and lower self-efficacy. Early, targeted, and task-specific interventions are crucial. Among these, Neuromotor Task Training (NTT) focuses on improving motor planning through structured, cognitive strategies, while Obstacle Course Training (OCT) provides a dynamic setting that promotes functional movement and real-time problem-solving.

This randomized clinical trial will compare the effects of both interventions. The study will be conducted over 10 months at the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital (ULTH) pediatric rehabilitation center and Sehat Medical Complex (SMC) Hanjarwal. The duration of the intervention will be 9 weeks, with 2 sessions per week. There will be two study groups, and convenient sampling techniques will be used. Eligible participants will be children aged 7 to 10 years, both males and females, diagnosed with DCD based on DSM-5 criteria, with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score >24 and an IQ above 75 on the Raven Intelligence Scale. Screening for DCD will be done using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) and motor proficiency will be assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2). Children with a DCDQ score of ≤48 and a BOT-2 score of ≤40 will be included. Children with other neurological, psychiatric, or orthopedic conditions will be excluded. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either Obstacle Course Training (OCT) or Neuromotor Task Training (NTT) to assess which intervention more effectively improves motor planning and functional mobility. SPSS version 27 will be used for data analysis.

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Beräknad)

28

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Kontakter och platser

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Studiekontakt

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Studieorter

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab Province
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 54000
        • Har inte rekryterat ännu
        • Riphah Rehabilitation Center, Riphah International University
        • Kontakt:
        • Kontakt:
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 54000

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Barn

Tar emot friska volontärer

Nej

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • • Diagnosis of DCD based on DSM4/5 criteria.

    • Children aged 7-10.
    • Gender male and female.
    • Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score >24 .
    • Cognitive development appropriate for chronological age.
    • Raven Intelligence Test Scale (IQ > 75) .
    • Developmental Coordination Questionnaire ≤48 points: likely DCD (≤ 10th percentile).
    • BOT-2 score ≤ 40.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of surgery and lower limb injuries over the past 12 months.
  • Use of assistive devices to balance and walk.
  • Severe ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder (if it significantly interferes with participation), or major psychiatric disorders.
  • Taking neuroleptics or any other medications that significantly alter muscle tone, coordination, or attention.

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Behandling
  • Tilldelning: Randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
  • Maskning: Ingen (Open Label)

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Experimentell: Obstacle Course Training (OCT)
Participants will receive structured Obstacle Course Training focused on over-ground walking with obstacle negotiation. Training targets motor planning, toe clearance, and functional mobility under single- and dual-task conditions.
Beteende: Obstacle Course Training
Participants will perform Obstacle Course Training on a 12-meter walkway with a midpoint obstacle at low (30% leg length) and high (50% leg length) heights. Training includes single-task walking (8 trials) and dual-task walking (16 trials) with concurrent visual discrimination tasks using flashcards. Walking time, toe clearance, and response accuracy will be recorded. Sessions will be conducted twice weekly for 9 weeks.
Experimentell: Neuromotor Task Training (NTT)
Participants will receive neuromotor task training using task-oriented activities focused on motor planning, execution, and evaluation through structured, game-based stations.
Beteende: Neuromotor Task Training

Each session will involve task-oriented activities arranged in multiple stations. Activities will be broken down into planning, execution, and evaluation phases and will include soccer, netball, basketball, tagging games, rope skipping, and other age-appropriate functional games. Children will perform tasks with therapist guidance and feedback to enhance motor planning and performance.

Each session will last approximately 45-60 minutes, including warm-up, main activities, and cool-down. The intervention will be delivered over 9 weeks, with 2 sessions per week.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2) for fine and gross Motor Skills
Tidsram: 9 weeks
The BOT-2 (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition) scoring converts raw scores into precise motor proficiency metrics for ages 4-21, using sex-specific norms
9 weeks
Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)
Tidsram: 9 weeks
The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test measures functional mobility and fall risk in seconds. The test requires a participant to stand up, walk 3 meters, turn, walk back, and sit down. Results < 10 seconds indicate normal mobility, while times >13.5-14 seconds indicate a higher risk of falls and frailty, requiring further evaluation
9 weeks

Samarbetspartners och utredare

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Sponsor

Riphah International University

Utredare

  • Huvudutredare: Arshmaan Mahmood, MS-PPT, Riphah International University

Publikationer och användbara länkar

Den som ansvarar för att lägga in information om studien tillhandahåller frivilligt dessa publikationer. Dessa kan handla om allt som har med studien att göra.

Allmänna publikationer

  • 1. Fogel Y, Stuart N, Joyce T, Barnett AL. Relationships between motor skills and executive functions in developmental coordination disorder (DCD): A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2023;30(3):344-56. 2. Castellucci G, Singla R. Developmental Coordination Disorder (Dyspraxia). StatPearls [Internet]: StatPearls Publishing; 2024. 3. Karabak M, Akıncı MA, Yıldırım Demirdöğen E, Bozkurt A. Prevalence and associated factors of developmental coordination disorder in primary school children. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2024:1-12. 4. Li H, Ke X, Huang D, Xu X, Tian H, Gao J, et al. The prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2024;12:1387406.

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Faktisk)

1 januari 2026

Primärt slutförande (Beräknad)

1 augusti 2026

Avslutad studie (Beräknad)

10 augusti 2026

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

14 december 2025

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

4 maj 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

8 maj 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

12 augusti 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

10 augusti 2026

Senast verifierad

1 augusti 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Ytterligare relevanta MeSH-villkor

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • RCR&AHS/25/0708/Arshmaan

Plan för individuella deltagardata (IPD)

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NEJ

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