The Impact of Dietary Phosphorus on Postprandial Metabolic Responses and Markers of Metabolic Health (DPMPG)

Two randomized, controlled, crossover experiments were conducted in healthy adults. Experiment 1 evaluated a refined carbohydrate test meal with phosphorus supplementation (~684 mg potassium phosphate) versus placebo. Experiment 2 assessed a dairy-based test meal under normal phosphorus availability versus reduced bioavailability using the phosphate-binding agent sevelamer carbonate. Each experiment followed a 10-day protocol comprising two intervention phases separated by a washout period. Within each phase, participants completed two identical test days per condition. Postprandial glucose was continuously monitored for 180 minutes. Primary outcomes included peak glucose, incremental glucose response (ΔBG), and incremental area under the curve (iAUC). Secondary outcomes included subjective appetite ratings assessed using validated visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaires