Topiramate on Gambling-Related Behaviours

July 20, 2015 updated by: Bruna Brands, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health

Clinical Assessment of Topiramate on Gambling-Related Behaviours in Problem Gamblers: Effects of Gender and Negative Emotionality

The quest for an effective medication therapy for problem gambling remains an important priority for the problem gambling treatment research field. While several medications have been evaluated in controlled clinical trials, no medication has been shown to unequivocally reduce gambling behaviour and, to date, no medication has been approved for treating this disorder. Recently, topiramate, indicated for the treatment of seizure disorders, has shown some promise as a medication therapy for problem gambling. In this project, the efficacy of topiramate will be evaluated in a placebo-controlled clinical trial, the first study to do so. The interaction of the effects of the medication and gambling sub-type will be examined to determine whether the efficacy of topiramate is correlated with the specific biopsychosocial history of the gambler.

Study Overview

Status

Withdrawn

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The quest for an effective pharmacotherapy for problem gambling remains an important priority for the problem gambling treatment research field. While several medications have been evaluated in controlled clinical trials no medication has been shown to unequivocally reduce gambling behaviour and, to date, no medication has been approved for treating this disorder. Recently, topiramate, indicated for the treatment of seizure disorders, has shown some promise as a pharmacotherapy for problem gambling. The most persuasive evidence for the efficacy of topiramate has been reported for alcohol (in a placebo-controlled study) and for problem gambling (in which fluvoxamine served as an active control). No study has examined the efficacy of topiramate in a placebo-controlled clinical trial or examined its efficacy within specific sub-groups of gamblers.

Topiramate has recently been found to be effective in a number of psychiatric and addictive disorders. Dannon reported the first trial evaluating topiramate as a treatment for pathological gambling, comparing it to fluvoxamine. Treatment was delivered over a 12-week period with a maximum dose of 200 mg/d. Nine out of 15 topiramate subjects had achieved full remission of gambling behaviour compared to 6 out of 16 fluvoxamine subjects. However, both groups improved to a similar degree on other measures of psychopathology (e.g., anxiety). This study and Dannon's previous study of topiramate's efficacy in the treatment of kleptomania, suggests that topiramate may be particularly effective for Impulse-Control Disorders.

Topiramate-induced modulation of the noradrenergic pathways that mediate hyper- arousal, conditionability and intrusive/ emotional memories suggests that this medication may be particularly efficacious in problem gamblers characterized by hyper-arousal, anxiety and depression. Blaszczynski in their delineation of the Pathways Model of problem and pathological gambling, has identified a group of problem gamblers who self-regulate dysphoric emotional states through escape, dissociation and numbing (i.e., Emotionally Vulnerable problem gamblers). The Impulsivist and the Conditioned problem gambler, the two other sub-types described by Blaszczynski are characterized by conditions and histories that may be less effectively targeted by topiramate (i.e., impulsive, antisocial personality structure in the case of the Impulsive gamblers and irrational cognitions in the case of the Conditioned problem gambler). This population of gamblers, especially common among females, may report positive histories of substance abuse, anxiety and mood disorders, familial and childhood dysfunction, and familial gambling.

In an open-label study of topiramate with a sample of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder, an amelioration of dissociation and numbing was reported. These findings are also consistent with this medication's reported amnesic effects, and suggest that topiramate may reduce neural reactivity of problem gamblers that would otherwise increase the probability of engaging in gambling to self-regulate dysphoric emotional states.

The current study proposes to further evaluate the clinical efficacy of topiramate in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the first study to do so. Interaction of the effects of the medication and gambling sub-type will be examined to determine whether the efficacy of topiramate is correlated with the specific biopsychosocial history of the gambler. An experimental trial of an acute dose of topiramate will run concurrently in order to identify cognitive-behavioural mechanisms that may mediate the clinical effects of topiramate on gambling-related behaviours evaluated in this study.

Study Type

Interventional

Phase

  • Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Canada
    • Ontario
      • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 2S1
        • Centre for Addiction and Mental Health

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

17 years to 63 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 19 - 65 years of age either gender
  • plays electronic gaming machines (e.g. slot machine, video poker)
  • meets DSM IV criteria for pathological gambling

Exclusion Criteria:

  • females pregnant or breastfeeding at study entry
  • females of childbearing age and physically able to conceive but not on oral contraceptives or patch, unwilling to take pregnancy self-test before each test session
  • females taking oral contraceptives or patch but unwilling to use a barrier method of contraceptive during the course of the study
  • occupation involving driving or operating heavy machinery
  • BMI < 20
  • hepatic dysfunction or hepatitis, as indicated by elevated INR, low serum albumin, or high bilirubin, or elevated AST, ALT, GGT (>1.5 times normal)
  • clinical evidence of cirrhosis on examination
  • renal insufficiency (creatinine >150)
  • history of renal stones
  • history of glaucoma
  • current seizure disorder
  • current use of digoxin
  • current use of benzodiazepines
  • alcohol consumption >14 drinks /week
  • current use of anti-seizure medications (phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, primadone), antipsychotic medications (e.g., seroquel), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide), metformin
  • diagnosis of Axis I disorders, including psychoactive substances disorders (except nicotine)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Y-BOCS
CPGI

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Centre for Addiction and Mental Health

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

September 1, 2006

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

August 29, 2006

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 29, 2006

First Posted (Estimate)

August 30, 2006

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

July 22, 2015

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 20, 2015

Last Verified

July 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 96/2006

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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