The Effect of Balance Training on Unloading Reaction in Individuals With Functional Ankle Instability

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of a balance training intervention on the change in hyper-reactivity to unloading reaction, ankle joint laxity, ankle joint proprioception and evertor muscle weakness in individuals with functional ankle instability (FAI) using quantitative biomechanical and neuromuscular measurements.

We hypothesize that experimental FAI group will demonstrate a significant decline in unloading reaction following balance training while FAI control group will not show a significant decline in unloading reaction without training. We further hypothesize that experimental FAI group will demonstrate a significant improvement in the FAI score after the balance training measured by Ankle Instability questionnaire. Following balance training, there will be a significant correlation between the change in FAI score and change in the unloading reaction in the experimental group.

Study Overview

• Status: Withdrawn
• Conditions: Ankle Injury
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Balance Training

Detailed Description

Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effect of ankle sprain on the proprioceptive sensation of the ankle, peroneal muscle strength and ankle joint laxity in the past research studies related to FAI. In spite of controversies regarding etiological factors for FAI, balance training has been widely used in sports medicine clinics to treat FAI. Most of these studies have focused on the identification of postural control deficits in patients with FAI rather than trying to understand the mechanism of balance training on etiological factors of FAI.

Hyper-reactivity of the ankle joint with FAI may be an important factor for the ankle "giving way" episode. Patients may develop injury-induced hyper-reactivity for unloading reaction through an adaptation to physical conditions of the ankle joint after injury. Clinical studies performed with selective nerve blocks along with electrophysiology studies performed in animals have led to the generally accepted conclusion that enhanced pain induced by peripheral nerve injury is associated with increased spontaneous and evoked discharges from injured and/or adjacent uninjured nerves. Persistent primary afferent inputs are believed to cause a state of central (i.e. "spinal") sensitization and enhancing responses to sensory inputs i.e. hyper-reactivity.

The ankle "giving way" is a complex phenomenon where any mechanical and neuromuscular factor or a combination of mechanical and neuromuscular factors may be at fault including ankle hyper-reactivity, joint laxity, proprioceptive deficit, and muscle weakness. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of balance training intervention on the various etiological factors of FAI and to develop an objective measurement for physiological features related to FAI.

The study will help us to understand the mechanism of balance training on FAI and help us to determine the scope and limitations of balance training on FAI subjects in clinical settings to evaluate treatment efficacy.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Kansas
    • Kansas City, Kansas, United States, 66160
      • University of Kansas Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 45 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• aged from 18 to 45 years
• unilateral functional ankle instability (grade II or III)
• at least four weeks after acute lateral ankle sprain
• ongoing symptom of ankle "giving way" episode during functional activities
• active in exercise at least 2 hour per week
• seeking medical treatment for ankle symptoms
• being able to complete the test and training tasks.

Exclusion Criteria:

• severe ankle pain and swelling
• ankle surgery in either leg
• gross limitation in ankle range of motion
• lower extremity injury other than lateral ankle sprain in past 12 weeks, (5) current enrollment in formal rehabilitation program
• history of insulin-dependent diabetes
• any systemic disease that might interfere with sensory input or muscle function of the lower extremity
• any joint disease or bony fracture in the lower extremity
• any previous experience of intolerance to electrical stimulation.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: 1; Balance Training, 3 times a week for 4 weeks	Behavioral: Balance Training; balance training three days per week for 4 weeks during single limb standing
No Intervention: 2; Education/No intervention

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Vertical force variation	6 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
ankle inversion flexibility, ankle proprioception, ankle evertor strength, modified cumberland ankle instability tool questionnaire	6 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Kansas Medical Center
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Wen Liu, University of Kansas Medical Center

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: June 1, 2008
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 1, 2009
• Study Completion (Actual): May 1, 2009

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 20, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 20, 2008
• First Posted (Estimate): June 23, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): April 19, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 15, 2016
• Last Verified: April 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Balance training; Functional ankle instability
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Wounds and Injuries; Leg Injuries; Ankle Injuries
• Other Study ID Numbers: 10866 (Registry Identifier: DAIDS ES)