Study of the Combination of Panobinostat and Carfilzomib in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Phase I/II Study of the Combination of Panobinostat and Carfilzomib in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Relapsed/refractory Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable disorder with a poor prognosis. Carfilzomib is a novel proteasome inhibitor with activity in this setting. Panobinostat is a pan-deacetylase inhibitor which has shown synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo with proteasome inhibitors. The combination should enhance the activity of both agents against myeloma cells. In Phase I, the optimal doses of the combination of carfilzomib and panobinostat will be determined. Assuming this combination is feasible, the Phase II portion will proceed using the doses determined in Phase I.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Multiple Myeloma
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: panobinostat; Drug: carfilzomib

Detailed Description

In this open-label, non-randomized Phase I/II study, a maximum of 4 planned dose levels of carfilzomib and panobinostat were evaluated to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) to administer. The MTD was not reached so patients in Phase II received treatment at dose level 4 to further assess efficacy. Response to treatment was evaluated after each 4-week cycle. Those having an objective response or stable disease are continuing treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs.

As the MTD in the 4 planned dose levels were not reached, a parallel Phase I study was initiated to examine additional dose levels using a traditional 3+3 design. If these dose levels are tolerable, then more patients will be recruited into an expansion cohort to assess efficacy at the new dose level(s).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 80
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Colorado
    • Denver, Colorado, United States, 80218
      • Colorado Blood Cancer Institute
  • Florida
    • Fort Myers, Florida, United States, 33916
      • Florida Cancer Specialists South
    • Pensacola, Florida, United States, 32503
      • Woodlands Medical Specialists
    • Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States, 33705
      • Florida Cancer Specialists North
  • Indiana
    • Terre Haute, Indiana, United States, 47802
      • Providence Medical Group
    • Terre Haute, Indiana, United States, 47802
      • RHHP/Hope Cancer Center
  • Missouri
    • Kansas City, Missouri, United States, 64132
      • Research Medical Center
  • New Jersey
    • Morristown, New Jersey, United States, 07962
      • Hematology-Oncology Associates - Northern NJ
  • Ohio
    • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45242
      • Oncology Hematology Care, Inc.
  • Oklahoma
    • Lawton, Oklahoma, United States, 73505
      • Cancer Centers of Southwest Oklahoma
  • Tennessee
    • Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States, 37404
      • Tennessee Oncology-Chattanooga
    • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37205
      • Tennessee Oncology
  • Texas
    • Fort Worth, Texas, United States, 76104
      • The Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Eligible participants must have multiple myeloma using standard criteria.

2. Patients must have measurable disease requiring systemic therapy defined as at least one of the following:

   • Serum M-protein ≥1 g/dl (≥10 g/l)
   • Urine M-protein ≥200 mg/24 hrs
   • Serum free light chain assay: involved free light chain level ≥10 mg/dl (≥100 mg/l) provided the serum free light chain ratio is abnormal
3. Must have progressed during or after at least one previous bortezomib-containing treatment regimen. Patients who have received previous high-dose therapy/autologous stem cell transplantation are eligible.
4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2.

5. Must meet the following laboratory criteria:

   • Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1000/μL;
   • Platelets ≥70,000/microL;
   • AST or ALT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) must be ≤ 2.5 x ULN, or ≤ 5 x ULN in patients with plasmacytomas of the liver;
   • Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x the institutional ULN;
   • Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN or calculated creatinine clearance ≥ 50 ml/min;
   • Serum potassium, calcium, magnesium WNL (These may be corrected prior to starting therapy, to make the patient eligible.)
6. Ability to swallow oral medications.
7. Baseline MUGA or ECHO must demonstrate left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ the lower limit of the institutional limits of normal.
8. Male or females ≥ 18 years of age.
9. Female patients must not be of child-bearing potential or must agree to use adequate contraceptive measures.
10. Male patients willing to use adequate contraceptive measures.
11. Willingness and ability to comply with the trial and follow-up procedures.
12. Ability to understand the nature of this trial and give written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Currently receiving or have received systemic cancer therapy (chemotherapy, biologic therapy) ≤ 21 days of initiating study therapy. For patients receiving small molecule targeted therapy, study treatment may begin >21 days after last dose or >5 half lives of previous treatment, whichever is shorter. Patients must have completed radiation therapy ≥7 days prior to starting study treatment. Patients must have recovered from or come to a new chronic stable baseline from all treatment-related toxicities. Dexamethasone or other high-dose steroid therapy must be stopped ≥ days prior to starting study treatment.
2. Previous treatment with HDAC, DAC, HSP90 or valproic acid for treatment of cancer.
3. Requires valproic acid for any medical condition during the study ≤5 days prior to first panobinostat treatment.
4. Patient has not recovered from all therapy-related toxicities associated with prior treatments to < Grade 2 CTCAE.
5. Known history of allergy to Captisol® (a cyclodextrin derivative used to solubilize carfilzomib).
6. Patients with pleural effusions requiring thoracentesis or ascites requiring paracentesis ≤14 days prior to study entry.
7. Patients using medications that have a risk of prolonging the QT interval or inducing Torsade de Pointes if treatment cannot be discontinued or switched to a different medication prior to receiving study drug.
8. Patients with > grade 2 diarrhea.
9. Patients with impaired cardiac function.
10. Infection requiring IV antibiotics.
11. Patients with > grade 2 peripheral neuropathy or with uncontrolled pain.
12. Women who are pregnant or lactating.
13. Any concurrent medical illness that may impair the ability of the patient to tolerate study treatment and comply with the requirements of the study.
14. Mental condition that would prevent patient comprehension of the nature of, and risk associated with, the study.
15. Use of any non-approved or investigational agent ≤30 days prior to administration of the first dose of study drug. Patients may not receive any other investigational or anti-cancer treatments while participating in this study.
16. Presence of other active cancers, or history of treatment for invasive cancer ≤ 5 years. Patients with stage I cancer who have received definitive local treatment at least 3 years previously, and are considered unlikely to recur are eligible. All patients with previously treated in situ carcinoma (i.e. non-invasive) are eligible, as are patients with history of non-melanoma skin cancer.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Carfilzomib and Panobinostat; Phase I: Carfilzomib: cycle 1 - Dose is 20 mg/m^2 IV on day 1; 27 or 36 or 45 or 56 mg/m^2 IV on Days 8, 9, 15, 16 cycle 2 to progression - 27 or 36 or 45 or 56 mg/m^2 IV on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16 Panobinostat: cycle 1 and cycle 2 to progression - 20 mg or 30 mg on days 1, 3, 5, 15, 17, 19 Phase II: Carfilzomib and Panobinostat: Dose is optimal dose determined in Phase I

Drug: panobinostat; Specified dose on specified days; Other Names: LBH589 (Panobinostat); Drug: carfilzomib; Specified dose on specified days; Other Names: PX-171-007

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Phase I Patients (Dose Level 1-6) Experiencing a Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT) to Determine the Optimal Dosage	Using a traditional 3+3 dose escalation design, successive cohorts of subjects will receive a fixed dose level of the drug combination. The MTD is defined as the highest dose level at which ≤1 of 6 subjects experiences a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) assessed by NCI CTCAE v4.0. DLT is defined as any of the following that are determined to be related to study treatment during Cycle 1: Grade 4 neutropenia for >7 days, Febrile neutropenia, Grade 3 thrombocytopenia with ≥ Grade 2 bleeding, Grade 4 thrombocytopenia > 7 days, ≥ Grade 2 neuropathy with uncontrolled pain, ≥ Grade 3 non-hematologic drug-related toxicity (excluding alopecia), despite optimal supportive care lasting >72 hours or requiring a dose reduction in the first cycle and Patients who are unable to receive 75% of the required doses of both agents secondary to toxicity. Number of Participants With such Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLT) at each level are reported here.	28 days from the start of study treatment
Phase II: Overall Response Rate	Defined as the percentage of patients with confirmed complete response, very good partial response, or partial response (CR, VGPR, or PR) according to International Myeloma Working Group Uniform Response Criteria. CR=bone marrow contains ≤5% plasma cells; negative fixation on serum and urine; disappearance of soft tissue plasmacytomas. VGPR=≥90% reduction from baseline serum; urine M-protein level 100mg for 24h. PR=≥50% reduction from baseline in serum M-protein; disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas.	up to 6 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Time-to-progression (TTP)	Measured from date of first treatment until date of first documented progression as per International Myeloma Working Group Uniform Response Criteria. Progressive disease id defined as an increase of ≥ 25% from the nadir in at least one of the following criteria: serum M-protein (absolute increase must be ≥0.5 g/dL); urine M-protein (absolute increase must be ≥200 mg/24h) ; only in patients with non-measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: difference in involved and uninvolved FLC levels (absolute increase must be >10 mg/dL); only in patients with non-measurable serum and urine M-protein levels and non-measurable disease by FLC levels, bone marrow plasma cell percentage (absolute % must be ≥10%) OR Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas OR definite increase in the size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas OR Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum Ca >11.5mg/dL) for patients without hypercalcemia at baseline	up to 6 years
Progression-free-survival (PFS)	Measured from date of first protocol treatment until date of tumor progression or death as per International Myeloma Working Group Uniform Response Criteria. Progressive disease id defined as an increase of ≥ 25% from the nadir in at least one of the following criteria: serum M-protein (absolute increase must be ≥0.5 g/dL); urine M-protein (absolute increase must be ≥200 mg/24h) ; only in patients with non-measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: difference in involved and uninvolved FLC levels (absolute increase must be >10 mg/dL); only in patients with non-measurable serum and urine M-protein levels and non-measurable disease by FLC levels, bone marrow plasma cell percentage (absolute % must be ≥10%) OR Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas OR definite increase in the size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas OR Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum Ca >11.5mg/dL) for patients without hypercalcemia at baseline	up to 6 years
Overall-survival (OS)	Measured from time of first study treatment until date of death or date last known alive.	up to 6 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: SCRI Development Innovations, LLC
• Collaborators: Novartis; Onyx Therapeutics, Inc.

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Berdeja JG, Gregory TK, Faber EA, Hart LL, Mace JR, Arrowsmith ER, Flinn IW, Matous JV. A phase I/II study of the combination of panobinostat and carfilzomib in patients with relapsed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: Final analysis of second dose-expansion cohort. Am J Hematol. 2021 Apr 1;96(4):428-435. doi: 10.1002/ajh.26088. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
• Berdeja JG, Hart LL, Mace JR, Arrowsmith ER, Essell JH, Owera RS, Hainsworth JD, Flinn IW. Phase I/II study of the combination of panobinostat and carfilzomib in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Haematologica. 2015 May;100(5):670-6. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2014.119735. Epub 2015 Feb 20.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: December 1, 2011
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 15, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 20, 2011
• First Posted (Estimate): December 21, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 2, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 4, 2022
• Last Verified: January 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma; panobinostat; carfilzomib
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Hematologic Diseases; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Hemostatic Disorders; Paraproteinemias; Blood Protein Disorders; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Panobinostat
• Other Study ID Numbers: SCRI MM 27