A Pilot Study Examining for the Presence of Fecal Coliforms and Tropical Diseases in Peru

A Pilot Study Examining for the Presence of Fecal Coliforms in Peruvian Water Sources and the Association of Tropical Diseases Within Peru

Tropical diseases are continuously on the rise throughout the world as they are spreading and manifesting in various locations globally. The more prominent vector tends to be the mosquito after it bites a previously infected host. The viruses of Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue are some of the tropical diseases that are affecting large populations and expanding rapidly. Developing countries are at the highest risk because of the lack of preventive methods that are customarily demonstrated in developed countries. Sanitation issues complicate the problem as contaminated wastewater is ideal for mosquitos to lay eggs. In addition, the organic material in the wastewater serve as food for larvae. The purpose of this study is to test bodies of waters in Peru and examine if contaminated water is a contributing factor in the proportion of the population infected with Zika, Chikanguyna or Dengue.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Tropical Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Zika; Diagnostic test: Chikagunya; Diagnostic test: Dengue

Detailed Description

Tropical diseases are active in South America and measures need to be taken to control these diseases. Sanitation is a major contributing factor as it serves for an ideal breeding ground for vectors. The EPA regulates water contamination and states that a water source can be recognized as contaminated if it contains anything above zero total coliforms. The severity of the water contamination within Peru can be observed by the presence of thermotolerant coliforms in 48% of all water samples. Studies have also found that on 23% of hands, 16% of utensils, and 4% of meals, E. coli was present. The most frequently contaminated item was kitchen cloths in which 89% had coliforms and 42% with E. coli. In 33% of drinking water, 27% of meals, and 23% kitchen utensils, diarrheagenic E. coli was present.

The purpose behind the research being conducted is to assist Peru concerning various factors in order to facilitate the process of working towards the reduction or complete elimination of tropical disease infections such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. The reason Peru has been identified as being the focal point for the proposed research lies within the factors that surround Peru. Peru is considered a developing country and with that encompasses consequential issues. These issues can manifest in malnutrition, disease ridden environments, debilitating physical repercussions, and many other linked issues.5 Peru also has a substantial market in which producers partake in sugar cane cultivation. "In Peru, Maple Energy anticipates that in 2013, it will harvest 1.075 million gross tons of sugar cane from its plantation for ethanol production." This is significant considering that sugar cane and molasses production attracts mosquitoes and creates a prime nesting ground for mosquitos considering the product as well as the climate which is required to grow these items. The fact that Dengue is so rampant in Peru presents the great possibility that the masking of other infections with similar symptoms such as Chikungunya and Zika is present. Given that Peru is a developing country makes this fact even more feasible considering the minimal access to quality healthcare in many locations, especially rural communities. The location of Peru gives rise to believe that many patients go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed since Peru borders Brazil, in which currently Zika and Chikungunya are currently epidemics sweeping the country. The lack of mandated hygienic practices allows the circulation of many diseases to fester and plague the Peruvian society.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 100

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Trentice Lazard, MBA; Phone Number: 337-794-9713; Email: tdlazard0413@email.campbell.edu
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Robert E Goode, MBA; Phone Number: 919-672-2212; Email: regoode0630@email.campbell.edu

Study Locations

• Peru
  • Pomalca, Peru
    • Recruiting
    • BioRed
    • Contact: Lozado Dominguez
  • Lambayeque
    • Patapo, Lambayeque, Peru
      • Recruiting
      • BioRed
      • Contact: Lozado Dominguez
    • Pucala, Lambayeque, Peru
      • Recruiting
      • BioRed
      • Contact: Lozado Dominguez
    • Tuman, Lambayeque, Peru
      • Recruiting
      • BioRed
      • Contact: Lozado Dominguez

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Residents living in Tuman, Pomalca, Patapo and Pimentel that are over the age of 18 will be selected at random to participate in this study.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• From the Following Districts: Tuman, Pomalca, Patapo, Pimentel
• Over the age of 18

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not currently taking antiviral or antimicrobial medication

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Districts: Contaminated Water; Subjects in this group are from districts that have contaminated water sources.	Diagnostic test: Zika; Zika Diagnostic test; Diagnostic test: Chikagunya; Chikagunya Diagnostic test; Diagnostic test: Dengue; Dengue Diagnostic test
Districts: Uncontaminated Water; Subjects in this group are from districts that do not have contaminated water sources.	Diagnostic test: Zika; Zika Diagnostic test; Diagnostic test: Chikagunya; Chikagunya Diagnostic test; Diagnostic test: Dengue; Dengue Diagnostic test

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The number of contaminated water bodies	This is the number of contaminated water sources with fecal coliform	March 20th - April1st

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Proportion of population with Zika, Dengue or Chikagunya infections	The proportion of people that are positive for Zika, Dengue or Chikagunya infections	March 20th - May 1st

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: BioRed LLC
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Trentice Lazard, Campbell University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 17, 2017
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): May 1, 2017
• Study Completion (Anticipated): May 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 8, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 13, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): March 14, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 31, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 29, 2017
• Last Verified: March 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Dengue; Zika; Peru; Chikagunya
• Other Study ID Numbers: CUIRBTL231

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No