The Turkish Version of the WUSPI

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index

Wheelchair users frequently experience shoulder pain. It has been determined that in our country, the subjective assessment methods that will help to determine and monitor shoulder pain severity of wheelchair users are limited. The purpose of this study is to adapt the original English version of the Wheelchair Users Shoulder Pain Index into Turkish and to assess its validity and reliability.

Firstly, the original English version of WUSPI was translated into Turkish and culturally adapted, then applied to 100 wheelchair users to investigate the validity of the scale. The reliability of the scale was assessed by internal consistency and test-retest analysis and found a high internal consistency. Validation of WUSPI-Tr was assessed by the concurrent validity method. To establish concurrent validity, WUSPI scores were compared to SPADI and ASES scores by Spearman correlation analysis. There was a positively excellent correlation with SPADI and, negatively excellent correlation with ASES. As a result, it is determined tath the Turkish version of WUSPI-Tr is a valid and reliable tool.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Shoulder Pain

Detailed Description

The original version of WUSPI was translated into Turkish via multistep translation rules. It is culturally adapted into Turkish. The semantic equivalence of the new scale was evaluated and the Turkish version of the WUSPI (WUSPI-Tr) has been created. It is applied to 100 wheelchair users to investigate the validity of the scale. People who are at least for 1 year using a manual wheelchair as their primary means of mobility, cognitively unimpaired, literate, and older than 18 years are included in this study. The reliability of the scale was assessed by internal consistency and test-retest analysis. As a result of the analysis, the Cronbach Alfa value was calculated as 0.894, and WUSPI-Tr was found to have high internal consistency. The WUSPI-Tr questionnaire was re-administered to 50 participants for 7 to 14 days for the test-retest method and the results were compared with the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) method. WUSPI has been found to have high reliability (0.997). Validation of WUSPI-Tr was assessed by the concurrent validity method. To establish concurrent validity, WUSPI scores were compared to SPADI and ASES scores by Spearman correlation analysis. The correlation coefficient of WUSPI-Tr with SPADI is 0.931 and with ASES was -0.812. These results show that there was a positively excellent correlation with SPADI and, negatively excellent correlation with ASES (p < 0,001). As a result, the Turkish version of WUSPI-Tr is a valid and reliable tool.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 100

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Çankaya
    • Ankara, Çankaya, Turkey, 06300
      • Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences Physioteraphy and Rehabilitation Department

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Adult wheelchair users who used manual wheelchairs as the primary mobility tool for more than a year

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• accepting the participation
• using manual wheelchairs as the primary mobility tool for more than a year

Exclusion Criteria:

• being illiterate,
• having cognitive impairment

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index	self-reported outcome measure	First Day
Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)	self-reported outcome measure	First Day
The Society of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES)	self-reported outcome measure	First Day
Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index	self-reported outcome measure	2 weeks later

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Gazi University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Şeyda ÖZAL, MSc, Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department; Study Director: Selda Başar, Assoc Prof, Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department; Study Chair: Nevin Ergun, Prof Dr, Sanko University Faculty of Health Sciences Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Dec 15;25(24):3186-91. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014. No abstract available.
• Finley MA, Rodgers MM. Prevalence and identification of shoulder pathology in athletic and nonathletic wheelchair users with shoulder pain: A pilot study. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2004 May;41(3B):395-402. doi: 10.1682/jrrd.2003.02.0022.
• Curtis KA, Roach KE, Applegate EB, Amar T, Benbow CS, Genecco TD, Gualano J. Development of the Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI). Paraplegia. 1995 May;33(5):290-3. doi: 10.1038/sc.1995.65.
• Weir JP. Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM. J Strength Cond Res. 2005 Feb;19(1):231-40. doi: 10.1519/15184.1.
• Snyder CF, Aaronson NK, Choucair AK, Elliott TE, Greenhalgh J, Halyard MY, Hess R, Miller DM, Reeve BB, Santana M. Implementing patient-reported outcomes assessment in clinical practice: a review of the options and considerations. Qual Life Res. 2012 Oct;21(8):1305-14. doi: 10.1007/s11136-011-0054-x. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
• Gellman H, Sie I, Waters RL. Late complications of the weight-bearing upper extremity in the paraplegic patient. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988 Aug;(233):132-5.
• Curtis KA, Black K. Shoulder pain in female wheelchair basketball players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1999 Apr;29(4):225-31. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1999.29.4.225.
• Curtis KA, Roach KE, Applegate EB, Amar T, Benbow CS, Genecco TD, Gualano J. Reliability and validity of the Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI). Paraplegia. 1995 Oct;33(10):595-601. doi: 10.1038/sc.1995.126.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 5, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 26, 2017
• Study Completion (Actual): July 13, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 29, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 29, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): July 8, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 8, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 29, 2021
• Last Verified: June 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Turkish version; Validity and Reliability; Wheelchair User; WUSPI
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Joint Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Arthralgia; Shoulder Pain
• Other Study ID Numbers: Gazi Uni

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No