Factors Associated With Cognitive Status in the Elderly

September 10, 2021 updated by: Güzin Kara, Pamukkale University

Investigation of Factors Associated With Cognitive Status in the Elderly

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to cognitive status in elderly individuals living in the community. A total of 841 elderly (female: 422, male: 419) living in the community were included in this cross-sectional study. The sociodemographic information of the elderly was recorded. In addition, cognitive status, quality of life, depression and musculoskeletal pain were questioned. The classification and regression tree analysis was used to identify factors associated with cognitive status. Age, depression, quality of life, neck pain, and headache were determinative on the cognitive status of the elderly. Knowing the factors related to cognitive status in elderly individuals living in the community is very important in terms of early diagnosis of factors that may affect the quality of life of these individuals.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to cognitive status in elderly individuals living in the community.

Methods: A total of 841 elderly (female: 422, male: 419) living in the community were included in this cross-sectional study. The sociodemographic information of the elderly was recorded. In addition, cognitive status, quality of life, depression and musculoskeletal pain were questioned. The classification and regression tree analysis was used to identify factors associated with cognitive status.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

814

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
    • Kınıklı/Pamukkale
      • Denizli, Kınıklı/Pamukkale, Turkey, 20070
        • Pamukkale University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

65 years and older (OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

N/A

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Elderly participants was included the study residing in the city center of Denizli, living at home, having no communication and mental disability problems that would affect the evaluations, and giving informed consent.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Participants over the age of 65,
  • Living at home,
  • Not having mental and communication problems that would prevent the evaluations,
  • Volunteering to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Central nervous system diseases affecting cognitive functions.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Elderly participants living at home
Participants over the age of 65, living at home, not having mental and communication problems that would prevent the evaluations, and volunteering to participate in the study. The sociodemographic information of the participants such as gender, duration of education, living environment and people with whom they live were recorded. In addition, information about the medical condition of geriatric individuals, such as body mass indexes and the number of drugs used, was also recorded in the form. In order to evaluate the cognitive status of the participants, the Standardized or Standardized Mini-Mental Test for the Uneducated was used according to their educational status. The Center for Disease Control Health-Related Quality of Life-4 Scale (CDC HRQoL-4) was used to assess quality of life, and the Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess emotional status. In addition, the presence of pain and pain levels according to body regions were determined with a 6-point Likert-type scale.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Center for Disease Control and Prevention Health-Related Quality of Life-4 Scale
Time Frame: Two years
The quality of life of the elderly participants was evaluated with the first question of the CDC HRQOL-4 scale. The Turkish validity-reliability study of the scale is a short and understandable scale used to evaluate the quality of life. This scale consists of 4 questions evaluating the general health of the participants, their physical and mental health in the last 30 days, and how activities such as self-care, work, school, and hobbies have been affected by their physical or mental problems in the last 30 days. In question 1, general health was defined as excellent, very good, good, fair, and poor. In the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th questions, the number of days in the last 30 days when the participant felt unwell physically and mentally, and the number of days the person could not perform his daily activities due to physical and/or mental problems are recorded.
Two years
Standardized Mini-Mental Test
Time Frame: Two years
Standardized Mini-Mental Test was applied to determine the cognitive levels of the participants. For the illiterate elderly, SMMT, which is used for the uneducated, was applied in our study. In this test, orientation (10 points), recording memory (3 points), attention and calculation (5 points), recall (3 points) and language (9 points) were collected under 5 main headings. It consists of 11 items and is evaluated over a total of 30 points. Results; 27-30 points are within normal limits, 24-27 points are mild cognitive impairment, below 24 points are considered severe cognitive impairment. The Turkish validity and reliability study of the questionnaire was conducted in 2002.
Two years
Geriatric Depression Scale
Time Frame: Two years
The scale was prepared for the geriatric individuals to easily mark and answer "yes" or "no". It consists of 30 questions. In the scoring of the scale, 1 point is given for each response in favor of depression and 0 point is given for the other answer, and the result is accepted as the depression score. Scoring of the scale was made as "no depression" with 0-10 points, "possible depression" with 11 points, and "definite depression" with 14 and above points. When 14 is taken as the threshold value for Geriatric Depression Scale scores, its specificity approaches 100%. A validity and reliability study of the Geriatric Depression Scale was conducted in the Turkish elderly population.
Two years
Assessment of Pain
Time Frame: Two years
The chronic pain status in 10 different body regions of the individuals were assessed in the study. The presence of pain (present or absent) and severity of pain in geriatric individuals were evaluated with a 6-point Likert-type scale (0=no pain, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, 4=very severe, 5=unbearable). This pain scale was preferred in order to make it easier for geriatric individuals to understand the severity of pain.
Two years

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Pamukkale University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Güzin Kara, Pamukkale University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

April 1, 2017

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

February 11, 2019

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

April 20, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 10, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 10, 2021

First Posted (ACTUAL)

September 21, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

September 21, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 10, 2021

Last Verified

September 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 60116787-020/16528

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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