Does Homebrewing Beer Affect Urinary Tract Symptoms and Bladder Cancer

In this study, investigators aim to reveal the harmful effects of increasing consumption of homemade beer in recent years on the urinary tract. The high amount of carbonyl compounds in the content of homemade beer has been proven by studies. In this study, which will be conducted in the form of a questionnaire, it is aimed to evaluate the effects of the consumption of homemade beer and the long-term exposure of the urinary system to carbonyl compounds.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Urinary Tract Disease; Addiction, Alcohol
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Homemade beer

Detailed Description

Homemade and craft beers are perceived as a popular alternative to beers produced on a larger scale in recent years, due to the choice of consumers according to different taste preferences and the raw materials used for brewing. According to nationally representative survey data from the American Homebrewers Association (AHA), the U.S. had an estimated 1.1 million homebrew brewers in 2017, with annual homebrew beer production in excess of 1.4 million barrels (about 1% of annual U.S. beer production). Again in 2017, 40% of home brewers started production within the last 4 years. Due to the prohibitions that have arisen due to the pandemic all over the world, the production of homemade beer has reached its peak today. In recent years, home-made beer consumption has gained popularity in parallel with low-alcohol and non-alcoholic beers, which are prone to microbial spoilage, due to the ease of access to the material, financial returns and hobby acquisition.

Homemade beer is typically more susceptible to spoilage as it is not pasteurized or sterile filtered. The microbiota, which is associated with organic raw materials, fruits, herbs, honey, spices and vegetables, and non-traditional starch-rich ingredients added to produce different aromas and flavors, increases the risk of spoilage. In addition, home brewers often lack the advantages of a sophisticated microbiological laboratory, and optimal temperature control during brewing and storage cannot be guaranteed. In addition to the fermentation conditions (time and temperature), yeast strain and mash composition (types of grain used in malting, mashing/boiling conditions) can also affect the chemical profile of beer, resulting in a wide variety of components. Carbonyl compounds [acetaldehyde, acrolein, ethyl carbamate (EC) and formaldehyde] are particularly toxic compounds that can occur. Acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde are highly reactive due to their electrophilic nature, so they easily react with biological nucleophilic targets such as proteins, RNA, and DNA.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 500

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Altindag
    • Ankara, Altindag, Turkey, 06230
      • Ankara Training and Research Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients who consume and do not consume homemade beer will be included in our study. Homemade beer consumption definition, for more than 3 months; regular consumption of 1 or more home-made beer in 1 week for women was considered as 2 or more home-made beer consumption in 1 week for men.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Homemade beer consumption and not consumption

Exclusion Criteria

• Bleeding disorders

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Consumption; Patients consuming homemade beer	Dietary supplement: Homemade beer; The data of patients who consume and do not consume homemade beer will be cross-sectionally evaluated and compared.; Other Names: Homebrewing beer
Not consumption; Patients are not consuming homemade beer	Dietary supplement: Homemade beer; The data of patients who consume and do not consume homemade beer will be cross-sectionally evaluated and compared.; Other Names: Homebrewing beer

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Rates of urinary tract symptoms	Rates of urinary tract symptoms who consumed the homemade beer	3 months
Rates of bladder cancer	Rates of bladder cancer who consumed the homemade beer	3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Ankara Training and Research Hospital

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Lachenmeier DW, Przybylski MC, Rehm J. Comparative risk assessment of carcinogens in alcoholic beverages using the margin of exposure approach. Int J Cancer. 2012 Sep 15;131(6):E995-1003. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27553. Epub 2012 Apr 17.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Anticipated): June 16, 2022
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): June 30, 2022
• Study Completion (Anticipated): December 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 15, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 24, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): November 26, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 24, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 22, 2022
• Last Verified: February 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: beer; urinary tract
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Chemically-Induced Disorders; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders; Alcoholism; Urologic Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: CB2021

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No