Smoking Cessation Outcomes and Effective Factors

Smoking Cessation Outcomes and Effective Factors: Maximal Voluntary Breath-holding Time and Exercise Capacity

The study is a cross-sectional-descriptive study. Cases who met the inclusion criteria, agreed to participate in the study voluntarily, were active smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers will be included. The subjects will be given the maximal voluntary breath-hold test, the 6-minute walk test, and the 30-second sit-and-stand test, and will be asked to answer questions about smoking. The physical conditions of the groups will be compared.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Smoking Cessation
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Active Smoking; Other: Passive smoker; Other: Non-smoker

Detailed Description

The study is a cross-sectional-descriptive study. Cases who met the inclusion criteria, agreed to participate in the study voluntarily, were active smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers will be included. Active smoking, passive smoking status and non-smoker status of the cases will be determined within the framework of the definitions given below.

• Active smoker: Having smoked at least 1 cigarette per day for at least 2 years.
• Passive smoker: Being exposed to secondhand smoke for more than 15 minutes at home, school, office or anywhere in the past year, once a week.
• Non-smoker: Not being an active or passive smoker.

The subjects will be given the maximal voluntary breath-hold test, the 6-minute walk test, and the 30-second sit-and-stand test, and will be asked to answer questions about smoking.The physical conditions of the groups will be compared.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 893

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Üsküdar
    • İstanbul, Üsküdar, Turkey, 34668
      • Esra Pehlivan

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Active, pasive smoker and non-smoker volunters

Description

Inclusion Criteria for Active Smokers

• Being between the ages of 18-75
• Smoking at least 1 cigarette a day for at least 2 years

Inclusion Criteria for the Passive Smoker Group

• Being between the ages of 18-75
• Being exposed to cigarette smoke for more than 15 minutes at home, school, office or anywhere in the last year, once a week.

Inclusion Criteria for the Non-Smoker Group

• Being between the ages of 18-75
• Not being an active or passive smoker

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having any disease that prevents him from doing exercise tests
• Not signing the voluntary informed consent form

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Active smokers; Having smoked at least 1 cigarette per day for at least 2 years.	Other: Active Smoking; Being active smoker
Pasive smokers; Being exposed to secondhand smoke for more than 15 minutes at home, school, office or anywhere in the past year, once a week.	Other: Passive smoker; Being exposed to secondhand smoke
Non-smokers; Not being an active or passive smoker.	Other: Non-smoker; Not being an active or passive smoker.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Six-minute walking test	The subject will be asked to walk for 6 minutes on a flat surface of 30 meters and the distance covered will be recorded. The test will be performed in accordance with the American Thoracic Society guidelines	1 day
Maximal voluntary breath-hold time	The maximum voluntary breath-hold test is a quick and simple test that consists of measuring the apnea time after a deep inspiration. The clinical utility of this test has been proven in certain respiratory pathologies. In the test, the subject will be seated in a chair with back support, a deep inspiration will be asked, and the breath-holding time will be recorded in seconds. The test will be repeated three times with sufficient rest periods in between, and the longest time will be analyzed.	1 day

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Thirty Seconds Sit and Stand test	During the test, the individual performs the sit-stand-sit maneuver from a standard height chair within 30 seconds without using his arms as much as possible. The number of sitting and standing up during this period is recorded.	1 day
Fagerstrom Nicotine Addiction Test	Dependence analysis will be performed on smokers according to the Fagerström nicotine addiction test and the scales for evaluating the psychological dependence of cigarettes. It is a six-question questionnaire created by revising the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. In the scoring made according to the answers given to the questions, 0-2 points is called very mild addiction and 8-10 points is called very severe addiction	1 day
Evaluation scale of psychological dependence on cigarette	It is a scale used in the evaluation of psychological dependence on cigarettes. The possible scores range from 25 to 75. As the scale score increases, the degree of psychological dependence increases; Scoring; 25-41 score: mildly addicted 42-58 score: moderate addiction	1 day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: ESRA PEHLİVAN, Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 23, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 27, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): September 27, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 26, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 15, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): January 25, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 6, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 5, 2023
• Last Verified: January 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: exercise capacity; smoking; active smoking; pasive smoking; maximal voluntary breath holding; Fagerstrom
• Other Study ID Numbers: Smoking

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No