Report of Ten Cases of Venous Aneurysm in Extremities

Venous Aneurysm: a Case Series and Review of Literature

Venous aneurysms are not common in general, but because of the inherent risk of thrombosis in aneurysms, their timely diagnosis and treatment are recommended in most of the current sources. Ten cases of venous aneurysms were diagnosed and managed in our vascular surgery department from October 2018 to January 2024. Patient information was extracted from their files retrospectively.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Vascular Diseases; Arteriovenous Malformations; Venous Aneurysm Nos

Detailed Description

A vascular aneurysm is defined as the focal dilatation of a vessel. Aneurysm is classically used for arterial dilatations, although dilatations can occur in any part of the vascular system including veins. Venous aneurysms are not common in general, but with the increase in the use of duplex ultrasound, the number of cases diagnosed with venous aneurysms has recently increased. Venous aneurysms are more common in the lower limbs, and in the lower limbs, the involvement of the deep venous system is much more than the superficial venous system. According to reports, 77% of venous aneurysms are present in the lower limbs, of which 57% are in the deep venous system and 1.5% in the superficial venous system.

Considering their rarity, venous aneurysms may cause diagnostic challenges in some cases.

The importance of these aneurysms, especially in the lower limbs, which inherently have relative stasis due to the opposite flow direction of gravity, is that by creating venous stasis and whirlwind blood flow inside the aneurysm, they increase the susceptibility to clotting. Also, due to dysfunction of the pigeon nest valves, they cause chronic venous insufficiency. Although clot formation and subsequent pulmonary embolism are more common in deep venous aneurysms, cases of pulmonary embolism secondary to superficial venous aneurysms of the lower limbs have also been reported.

Complications caused by chronic venous insufficiency are more common in aneurysms that occur at the main junctions of superficial and deep veins, including saphenous femoral and saphenous popliteal junctions.

Considering the possible complications mentioned about venous aneurysms, these aneurysms need treatment, regardless of their location, and although in the superficial system, surgical resection is the most commonly recommended method, other surgical methods such as aneurysmectomy and primary repair, resection, and graft interposition, and also endovascular methods have been used. Of course, in case of insufficiency in the venous system, specific treatment of the cause of insufficiency (such as stripping of the large saphenous vein) is necessary in addition to the treatment of the aneurysm.

Regarding the follow-up after the treatment of aneurysms of the superficial system, most articles have recommended short-term treatment with anticoagulants and control of the superficial and deep systems through color doppler.

In this case series, we present 10 cases of venous aneurysms and discuss their presentation, diagnosis, and management.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 10

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Iran, Islamic Republic of
  • Golestan
    • Gorgan, Golestan, Iran, Islamic Republic of, 4917956808
      • Pezhman Kharazm, MD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

all patients with extremity venous aneurysm since 2018 to 2024

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinical diagnosis of venous aneurysm

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient's non-consent

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
clinical presentation of extremity venous aneurysms	different clinical presentations of extremity venous aneurysms and their prevalence	6 years
age distribution of extremity venous aneurysms	prevalence of extremity venous aneurysms in different ages	6 years
location distribution of extremity venous aneurysms	prevalence of extremity venous aneurysms in upper vs. lower limbs as well as left side vs. right side	6 years
sex distribution of extremity venous aneurysms	prevalence of extremity venous aneurysms in both sexes	6 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Golestan University of Medical sciences

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 13, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 11, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): March 15, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 25, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 25, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): May 31, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 3, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 31, 2024
• Last Verified: May 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: aneurysm; vascular surgery; venous malformation
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Abnormalities; Vascular Malformations; Vascular Diseases; Congenital Abnormalities; Arteriovenous Malformations; Aneurysm
• Other Study ID Numbers: 114099

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP; ICF; ANALYTIC_CODE; CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No